Method for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material

Claim 2

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reactor structure comprising: i. a reactor having a covered cylindrical chamber, ii. a conical portion attached to said covered cylindrical chamber opposite the covered end thereof and in communication therewith, iii. a first inlet means for directing a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material tangentially into said covered cylindrical chamber and for causing nongaseous material to form an outer spiralling vortex which is urged towards said conical portion and for causing nongaseous material to be substantially separated from gases, iv. a second inlet means for simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing gaseous oxygen into said reactor away from the walls thereof, said second inlet means communicating with said reactor at a point removed from the covered end thereof, v. a first outlet means located in the covered end of said covered cylindrical chamber, and oriented along the axis thereof and in communication therewith, for removing gases substantially separated from nongaseous material, and for forming an inner spiralling gaseous vortex, and vi. a second outlet means located at the smaller diameter end of said conical portion and in communication therewith for removing nongaseous material; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reactor to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reactor through said second inlet means and internally of said outer spiralling vortex, and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reactor, through said first outlet means, containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a) from said reaction zone through said second outlet means.

Claim 3

A process for heating gaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 1, wherein said second inlet means introduces said second stream into said inner spiralling vortex.

Claim 4

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reactor structure comprising: i. a reactor having a covered cylindrical chamber, ii. a conical portion attached to said covered cylindrical chamber opposite the covered end thereof and in communication therewith, iii. a first inlet means for directing a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material tangentially into said covered cylindrical chamber and for causing nongaseous material to form an outer spiralling vortex which is urged towards said conical portion and for causing nongaseous material to be substantially separated from gases, iv. a second inlet means for simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing gaseous oxygen into said reactor away from the walls thereof, said second inlet means communicating with said reactor at a point removed from the covered end thereof, and along the axis thereof, v. a first outlet means located in the covered end of said covered cylindrical chamber, and oriented along the axis thereof and in communication therewith, for removing gases substantially separated from nongaseous material, and for forming an inner spiralling gaseous vortex, and vi. a second outlet means located at the smaller diameter end of said conical portion and in communication therewith for removing nongaseous material; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reactor to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reactor through said second inlet means and internally of said outer spiralling vortex, and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reactor, through said first outlet means, containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a) from said reaction zone through said second outlet means.

Claim 5

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reactor structure comprising: i. a reactor having a covered cylindrical chamber, ii. a conical portion attached to said covered cylindrical chamber opposite the covered end thereof and in communication therewith, iii. a first inlet means for directing a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material tangentially into said covered cylindrical chamber and for causing nongaseous material to form an outer spiralling vortex which is urged towards said conical portion and for causing nongaseous material to be substantially separated from gases, iv. a second inlet means for simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing gaseous oxygen into said reactor away from the walls thereof, said second inlet means communicating with said reactor at a point removed from the covered end thereof, and along the axis thereof, v. a first outlet means located in the covered end of said covered cylindrical chamber, and oriented along the axis thereof and in communication therewith, for removing gases substantially separated from nongaseous material, and for forming an inner spiralling gaseous vortex, and vi. a second outlet means located at the smaller diameter end of said conical portion and in communication therewith for removing nongaseous material; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reactor to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reactor through said second inlet means and internally of said outer spiralling vortex, and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reactor, through said first outlet means, containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a) from said reaction zone through said second outlet means.

Claim 6

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 3, wherein said second inlet means comprises a conduit through said first outlet means and positioned along the axis thereof.

Claim 7

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 3, wherein said second inlet means comprises a conduit through said second outlet means and positioned along the axis thereof.

Claim 8

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reactor structure comprising: i. a reactor having a covered cylindrical chamber, ii. a conical portion attached to said covered cylindrical chamber opposite the covered end thereof and in communication therewith, iii. a first inlet means for directing a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material tangentially into said covered cylindrical chamber and for causing nongaseous material to form an outer spiralling vortex which is urged towards said conical portion and for causing nongaseous material to be substantially separated from gases, iv. a second inlet means for simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing gaseous oxygen into said reactor away from the walls thereof, said second inlet means communicating with said reactor at a point removed from the covered end thereof, and for causing said second stream to enter said reactor in an annular flow pattern about the axis thereof, v. a first outlet means located in the covered end of said covered cylindrical chamber, and oriented along the axis thereof and in communication therewith, for removing gases substantially separated from nongaseous material, and for forming an inner spiralling gaseous vortex, and vi. a second outlet means located at the smaller diameter end of said conical portion and in communication therewith for removing nongaseous material; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reactor to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reactor through said second inlet means and internally of said outer spiralling vortex, and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reactor, through said first outlet means, containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a) from said reaction zone through said second outlet means.

Claim 9

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reactor structure comprising: i. a reactor having a covered cylindrical chamber, ii. a conical portion attached to said covered cylindrical chamber opposite the covered end thereof and in communication therewith, iii. a first inlet means for directing a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material tangentially into said covered cylindrical chamber and for causing nongaseous material to form an outer spiralling vortex which is urged towards said conical portion and for causing nongaseous material to be substantially separated from gases, iv. a second inlet means for simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing gaseous oxygen into said reactor away from the walls thereof, said second inlet means communicating with said reactor at a point removed from the covered end thereof, and for causing said second stream to enter said reactor in an annular flow pattern about the axis thereof, v. a first outlet means located in the covered end of said covered cylindrical chamber, and oriented along the axis thereof and in communication therewith, for removing gases substantially separated from nongaseous material, and for forming an inner spiralling gaseous vortex, and vi. a second outlet means located at the smaller diameter end of said conical portion and in communication therewith for removing nongaseous material; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reactor to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reactor through said second inlet means and internally of said outer spiralling vortex, and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reactor, through said first outlet means, containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a) from said reaction zone through said second outlet means.

Claim 10

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 6, wherein said second inlet means is also for causing an annular flow pattern about said first outlet means and concentric thereto.

Claim 11

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 6, wherein said second inlet means is also for causing said second stream to enter said reactor in a swirling annular flow pattern.

Claim 12

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 6, wherein said second inlet means is a conduit concentric to said first outlet means and extending into said reactor for a distance no greater than said first outlet means extends into said reactor.

Claim 13

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 6, wherein said second inlet means comprises a conduit concentric to said first outlet means and extending into said reactor for a distance equal to the distance that said first outlet means extends into said reactor.

Claim 14

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reaction zone and causing said oxygen to enter said reaction zone away from the wall thereof and internally of said outer spiralling vortex and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reaction zone containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a), from said reaction zone.

Claim 15

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases from said nongaseous carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reaction zone and causing said oxygen to enter said reaction zone away from the wall thereof and internally of said outer spiralling vortex and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated nongaseous carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reaction zone containing said gaseous product which is substantially free of said nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of said gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide can react with said nongaseous carbonaceous material; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated nongaseous carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said nongaseous carbonaceous material introduced in step (a), from said reaction zone.

Claim 16

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 11, wherein said second stream is introduced into said reaction zone along the axis of said reaction zone.

Claim 17

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 11, wherein said second stream is introduced into said reaction zone in an annular flow pattern about said third stream and isolated from said third stream.

Claim 18

A process for heating nongaseous carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 11, wherein said annular flow pattern is also swirling.

Claim 19

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a particulate carbonaceous material and a carrier gas containing carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including said carrier gas, from said particulate carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reaction zone and causing said oxygen to enter said reaction zone away from the wall thereof and internally of said outer spiralling vortex and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated particulate carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reaction zone containing said gaseous product and said carrier gas which is substantially free of said particulate carbonaceous material within a period of time sufficiently short that the carbon monoxide content of said third stream is less than carbon monoxide content of said first and second streams; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated particulate carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said particulate carbonaceous material introduced in step (a), from said reaction zone.

Claim 20

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material comprising: a. introducing tangentially a first stream containing a particulate carbonaceous material and a carrier gas containing carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; b. forming an outer spiralling vortex within said reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including said carrier gas, from said particulate carbonaceous material; c. simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into said reaction zone and causing said oxygen to enter said reaction zone away from the wall thereof and internally of said outer spiralling vortex and reacting said oxygen with said first stream thereby producing a gaseous product comprising carbon dioxide and producing a heated particulate carbonaceous material; d. removing a third stream from said reaction zone containing said gaseous product and said carrier gas which is substantially free of said particulate carbonaceous material within a period of time sufficiently short that the carbon monoxide content of said third stream is less than carbon monoxide content of said first and second streams; and e. removing a fourth stream containing said heated particulate carbonaceous material which is a major portion of said particulate carbonaceous material introduced in step (a), from said reaction zone.

Claim 21

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said second stream is introduced into said reaction zone along the axis of said reaction zone and wherein said third stream is caused to be removed concentric to said second stream and isolated therefrom.

Claim 22

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said second stream is introduced into said reaction zone along the axis of said reaction zone and wherein said fourth stream is caused to be removed surrounding said second stream and isolated therefrom.

Claim 23

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said second stream is introduced into said reaction zone in an annular flow pattern about said third stream and isolated therefrom.

Claim 24

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 18, wherein said annular flow pattern is also swirling.

Claim 25

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said first stream has a temperature of at least 1200° F.

Claim 26

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said particulate carbonaceous material is coal char.

Claim 27

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said particulate carbonaceous material is the solid product from the carbonization of waste material.

Claim 28

A process for heating particulate carbonaceous material, as recited in claim 15, wherein said particulate carbonaceous material is the solid product from the carbonization of municipal solid waste.