Electrodeposition of bright zinc utilizing aliphatic ketones

Claim 2

A zinc brightener additive, comprising: from about 1 percent to about 98 percent by weight of a polymeric amine selected from the class consisting of; a linear aliphatic amine polymer prepared by reacting from about 50 percent to about 200 percent of a stoichiometric amount of an epihalohydrin selected from the class consisting of epichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin with a linear aliphatic polyamine selected from the class consisting of a compound having at least two primary amine groups, two secondary amine groups, or one primary and one secondary amine group; said amine groups separated by two through six methylene groups or alkyl substituted methylene groups; an aminated polyepichlorohydrin prepared by reacting polyepichlorohydrin with an amine selected from the class consisting of secondary aliphatic amines and secondary alicyclic amines at a temperature of from about 110° C to about 170° C; the amount of said amines is such so that between 50 percent to 100 percent of the chloro groups in said polyepichlorohydrin is reacted; a polyethylenimine having the formula ##STR8## wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, and 3-aminopropyl, and y is about 10 to about 100, and combinations thereof; including from 1 to 98 percent by weight of a propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer having a molecular weight of more than 500; said block copolymer prepared by the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide in either order to a residue of any organic compound containing a plurality of active hydrogen atoms; and including from about 1 to about 20 percent of aliphatic ketones having the general formula ##STR9## where R 1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; where R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and where R 3 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or furyl.

Claim 3

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 1, wherein said linear aliphatic amine polymer is prepared by reacting at a temperature of from about 110° F to about 220° F, said secondary aliphatic amines and said secondary alicyclic amines of said aminated polyepichlorohydrin contains from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and said block copolymer residue is selected from the class consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, a primary amine compound, and a secondary amine compound.

Claim 4

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 2, wherein said aliphatic ketones are selected from the class consisting of 4-methyl-3-pentene-2-one; 2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-one; 4-(2-furyl)-3-butene-2-one and 6-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-2,5-hexadiene-4-one.

Claim 5

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 2, wherein said aliphatic ketone is 4-methyl-3-pentene-2-one.

Claim 6

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 2, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-one.

Claim 7

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 2, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 4-(2-furyl)-3-butene-2-one.

Claim 8

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 2, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 6-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-2,5-hexadiene-4-one.

Claim 9

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 2, wherein said propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer has a molecular weight of about 900 to about 15,000, said block copolymer has a polyoxyethylene portion, said polyoxyethylene portion ranging from about 30 percent to about 90 percent by weight of said block copolymer.

Claim 10

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 8, wherein said amine residual base is selected from the class consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylene hexamine.

Claim 11

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 9, wherein said amine of said aminated polyepichlorohydrin is selected from the class consisting of dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, methyl ethylamine, methyl propylamine, methyl isopropylamine, ethyl isopropylamine, N-methyl ethanolamine, N-methyl propanolamine, N-ethyl isopropanolamine, N-propyl propanolamine, N-propyl isopropanolamine, N-isopropyl isopropanolamine, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, morpholine, and piperidine.

Claim 12

A zinc brightener additive according to claim 10, wherein said linear aliphatic polyamine of said linear aliphatic amine polymer is selected from the class consisting of ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine.

Claim 13

An aqueous acid zinc electroplating bath for producing a bright electrodeposition of zinc, containing zinc ions, comprising: having dissolved therein from about 0.5 to about 10.0 grams/liter of a polymeric amine selected from the class consisting of; a linear aliphatic amine polymer prepared by reacting from about 50 percent to about 200 percent of a stoichiometric amount of an epihalohydrin selected from the class consisting of ephichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin with a linear aliphatic polyamine selected from the class consisting of a compound having at least two primary amine groups, two secondary amine groups, or one primary and one secondary amine group; said amine groups separated by two through six methylene groups of alkyl substituted methylene groups; an aminated polyepichlorohydrin prepared by reacting polyepichlorohydrin with an amine selected from the class consisting of secondary aliphatic amines and secondary alicyclic amines at a temperature of from about 110° C to about 170° C, the amount of said amines is such so that between 50 percent to 100 percent of the chloro groups in said polyepichlorohydrin is reacted; a polyethylenimine having the formula ##STR10## where R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, and 3-aminopropyl, and y is about 10 to about 100, and combinations thereof; including from 1 to about 10 grams/liter of a propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer having a molecular weight of more than 500, said block copolymer prepared by the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, in either order, to a residue of any organic compound containing a plurality of active hydrogen atoms; and from about 0.05 to about 0.5 grams/liter of an aliphatic ketone having the general formula ##STR11## where R 1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; where R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and where R 3 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or furyl.

Claim 14

An aqueous acid zinc electroplating bath for producing a bright electrodeposition of zinc, containing zinc ions, comprising: having dissolved therein from about 0.5 to about 10.0 grams/liter of a polymeric amine selected from the class consisting of; a linear aliphatic amine polymer prepared by reacting from about 50 percent to about 200 percent of a stoichiometric amount of an epihalohydrin selected from the class consisting of ephichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin with a linear aliphatic polyamine selected from the class consisting of a compound having at least two primary amine groups, two secondary amine groups, or one primary and one secondary amine group; said amine groups separated by two through six methylene groups of alkyl substituted methylene groups; an aminated polyepichlorohydrin prepared by reacting polyepichlorohydrin with an amine selected from the class consisting of secondary aliphatic amines and secondary alicyclic amines at a temperature of from about 110° C to about 170° C, the amount of said amines is such so that between 50 percent to 100 percent of the chloro groups in said polyepichlorohydrin is reacted; a polyethylenimine having the formula ##STR10## where R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, and 3-aminopropyl, and y is about 10 to about 100, and combinations thereof; including from 1 to about 10 grams/liter of a propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer having a molecular weight of more than 500, said block copolymer prepared by the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, in either order, to a residue of any organic compound containing a plurality of active hydrogen atoms; and from about 0.05 to about 0.5 grams/liter of an aliphatic ketone having the general formula ##STR11## where R 1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; where R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and where R 3 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or furyl.

Claim 15

A bath according to claim 12, wherein said linear aliphatic amine polymer is prepared by reacting at a temperature of from about 110° F to about 220° F, said secondary aliphatic amines and said secondary alicyclic amines of said aminated polyepichlorohydrin contains from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, and said block copolymer residue is selected from the class consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, a primary amine compound, and a secondary amine compound.

Claim 16

A bath according to claim 13, wherein said aliphatic ketones are selected from the class consisting of 4-methyl-3-pentene-2-one; 2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-one; 4-(2-furyl)-3-butene-2-one; and 6-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-2,5-hexadiene-4-one.

Claim 17

A bath according to claim 14, wherein said propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer has a molecular weight of about 900 to about 15,000, said block copolymer contains a polyoxyethylene portion, and said polyoxyethylene portion contains from about 30 percent to about 90 percent by weight of said block copolymer.

Claim 18

A bath according to claim 15, wherein said residual amine base is selected from the class consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylene hexamine.

Claim 19

A bath according to claim 16, including from about 1 to about 10 grams/liter of a compound selected from the class consisting of a nonionic wetting agent, a cationic wetting agent, an anionic wetting agent, an amphoteric wetting agent, and combinations thereof.

Claim 20

A bath according to claim 17, including ammonium chloride.

Claim 21

A bath according to claim 16, including ammonium chloride.

Claim 22

A bath according to claim 14, including ammonium chloride.

Claim 23

A bath according to claim 13, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 4-methyl-3-pentene-2-one.

Claim 24

A bath according to claim 13, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-one.

Claim 25

A bath according to claim 13, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 4-(2-furyl)-3-butene-2-one.

Claim 26

A bath according to claim 13, wherein the aliphatic ketone is 6-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-2,5-hexadiene-4-one.

Claim 27

A bath according to claim 12, including ammonium chloride.

Claim 28

A bath according to claim 12, including a compound selected from the class consisting of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and combinations thereof.

Claim 29

A bath according to claim 26, including at least one compound selected from the class consisting of ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine and pentaethylene hexamine.

Claim 30

A bath according to claim 27, including boric acid.

Claim 31

A bath according to claim 26, including boric acid.

Claim 32

A bath according to claim 12, including boric acid.