US4098714A
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Water softening materials
Assignee: Kali Chemie AG
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Filing: 1976-06-18
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Granted: 1978-07-04
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Expires: 1996-06-18
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is a process for preparing a water softening composition which comprises the steps of:
Inventors
- 👤 Helmut Derleth
- 👤 Maria Hansen
- 👤 Ingeborg Lange
- 👤 Artur Kurs
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 17:46
CPC Classifications
C; C11; C11D; C11D3/00; C11D3/02; C11D3/04; C11D3/046; B; B01; B01J; B01J20/00; B01J20/02; B01J20/04; B01J20/041; B01J20/06; B01J20/08; B01J20/10; B01J20/16; B01J20/28; B01J20/28002; B01J20/28004; B01J20/30; B01J20/32; B01J20/3202; B01J20/3204; B01J20/3206; B01J20/3208; B01J20/321; B01J20/3212; B01J20/3231; B01J20/3234; B01J20/3236; C01; C01B; C01B33/00; C01B33/20; C01B33/36; C01B33/46; C02; C02F; C02F5/00; C02F5/08; C02F5/083; C11D3/12; C11D3/1213; C11D3/124; C11D3/1246; C11D3/1253; C11D3/126; C11D3/128; B01J2220/00; B01J2220/40; B01J2220/48; B01J2220/4812; B01J2220/4825
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
200 words
A process for preparing a water softening composition which comprises the steps of: (a) applying to finely divided solid carrier particles of an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicates having an Al 2 O 3 content of from 1 to 75% by mole, kieselguhr, a silicic acid composition containing 67 mole % of SiO 2 , 1 mole % of Al 2 O 3 and 278 mole % of H 2 O, a silica gel containing 12.24% of SiO 2 , 7.35% of N 2 SO 4 , 0.41% of Na 2 O and 80% of H 2 O, aluminum oxide, alumina hydrate, bentonite and sodium sulfate, a solution of sodium aluminate having a concentration of from about 0.02% to 25% by weight and a molar ratio Na 2 O/Al 2 O 3 of from about 0.3 to 47, in an amount which is sufficient to coat said particles with an outside layer of sodium aluminate amounting from about 0.5 to about 50% by weight of said particles; and, (b) drying the coated particles at a temperature of from about 20° to 120° C. to a residual moisture content of from about 5% to 30% by weight.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
200 words
A process for preparing a water softening composition which comprises the steps of: (a) applying to finely divided solid carrier particles of an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicates having an Al 2 O 3 content of from 1 to 75% by mole, kieselguhr, a silicic acid composition containing 67 mole % of SiO 2 , 1 mole % of Al 2 O 3 and 278 mole % of H 2 O, a silica gel containing 12.24% of SiO 2 , 7.35% of N 2 SO 4 , 0.41% of Na 2 O and 80% of H 2 O, aluminum oxide, alumina hydrate, bentonite and sodium sulfate, a solution of sodium aluminate having a concentration of from about 0.02% to 25% by weight and a molar ratio Na 2 O/Al 2 O 3 of from about 0.3 to 47, in an amount which is sufficient to coat said particles with an outside layer of sodium aluminate amounting from about 0.5 to about 50% by weight of said particles; and, (b) drying the coated particles at a temperature of from about 20° to 120° C. to a residual moisture content of from about 5% to 30% by weight.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process as defined by claim 1, wherein the layer of sodium aluminate coated on the carrier particles amounts to from about 15 to 35% of the weight of the carrier particles.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process as defined by claim 1, wherein said coated particles have a particle size of from about 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
52 words
The process as defined by claim 1, wherein said water softening composition has a calcium binding power of 100 mg. to 1500 mg. of calcium oxide per g. of sodium aluminate layer substance calculated with respect to a composition of 1.25 NaO . Al 2 O 3 . 0.5 H 2 O.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as defined by claim 1, wherein said carrier has a calcium binding power of less than about 10 mg. of calcium oxide per g.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process as defined by claim 1, wherein said carrier has a calcium binding power of from about 10 mg. to about 200 mg. of calcium oxide per g.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said concentration is from about 0.03% to 2.7%, by weight, said molecular ratio is from about 1.25 to 4.3, said temperature is about 80° C. and said residual moisture content is from about 10% to 25%, by weight.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
81 words
The process according to claim 1, comprising the steps of applying to carrier particles of activated aluminum oxide or aluminum hydroxide, a sodium aluminate solution having a concentration of from about 0.005% to 40%, by weight, and a molar ratio Na 2 O : Al 2 O 3 of 46 to 1000, and subsequently drying the coated particles at a temperature of from about 20° to 120° C. to a residual moisture content of from about 5 to 30% by weight.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process for softening water which comprises treating an aqueous liquid with a composition produced according to the process as defined in claim 1 in an amount sufficient to bind a substantial portion of the calcium ions dissolved in the aqueous liquid.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
57 words
The process according to claim 1, comprising the steps of applying to carrier particles comprising aluminum oxide or aluminum hydroxide, a 1% to 50% solution of sodium hydroxide and subsequently drying the coated particles at a temperature of from about 20° to 120° C. to a residual moisture content of from about 5 to 30%, by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process according to claim 10, wherein said solution is a 4% solution of sodium hydroxide, said temperature is 80° C. and said residual moisture content is between about 10 and 25%, by weight.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-07-03 | 1982-01-02 | 1982-07-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-07-03 | 1986-01-02 | 1986-07-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-07-03 | 1990-01-02 | 1990-07-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |