US4096466A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Underwater switching
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1977-04-20
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Granted: 1978-06-20
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Expires: 1997-04-20
Abstract
Abstract Underwater switching of electrical apparatus is accomplished by providing two terminals at the exterior surface of a unit to be immersed in water so that a conductive bridge is formed between the terminals through the water. Those terminals are included in a circuit in which switching action is to occur. To switch the circuit, at least one of the two terminals is covered so that it is no longer engaged by the water through which the conductor bridge is formed. In one form of the invention, one of the terminals is covered with one of the user's fingers. To provide a positive switching action and to insure that switching action results, whether the bridge is formed through highly conductive salt water or less conductive fresh water, the switching circuit is arranged so that the impedance to flow of an element in that circuit is made to change greatly in response to covering of one of the terminals. In one form, that function is accomplished by including a Zener diode in series with the switch terminals.
Inventors
- 👤 Dennis J. Johnson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 05:55
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04B; H04B11/00; H04B1/00; H04B1/38; H04B1/40; H04B1/44
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 5
Claim 1
Independent Claim
150 words
In a submersible unit housed in an enclosure part of which is exposed to water when submersed: power connections for electrical connection to an electric battery; a pair of electrical electrodes carried by said part of said enclosure such that an electrical current path is formed between said pair of electrodes when said enclosure is immersed in water; a circuit extending between said power connection and comprising said pair of contacts and an element exhibiting impedance; switch means responsive to a change in electrical flow in said element; said submersible unit comprising an underwater, sonic, communications system comprising a transmitter and a receiver; and means responsive to actuation of said switch from one state to another to render said receiver operative and disable said transmitter and responsive to actuation of said switch from said other state to said one state to render said transmitter operative and to disable said receiver.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
150 words
In a submersible unit housed in an enclosure part of which is exposed to water when submersed: power connections for electrical connection to an electric battery; a pair of electrical electrodes carried by said part of said enclosure such that an electrical current path is formed between said pair of electrodes when said enclosure is immersed in water; a circuit extending between said power connection and comprising said pair of contacts and an element exhibiting impedance; switch means responsive to a change in electrical flow in said element; said submersible unit comprising an underwater, sonic, communications system comprising a transmitter and a receiver; and means responsive to actuation of said switch from one state to another to render said receiver operative and disable said transmitter and responsive to actuation of said switch from said other state to said one state to render said transmitter operative and to disable said receiver.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
84 words
The invention defined in claim 1 in which said element is a Zener diode connected in series with the impedance appearing across said electrodes, and in which said switch comprises a solid state switch responsive to current flow through said diode; and in which said means comprises a pair of solid state switches, one in series with each of said transmitter and receiver and means for turning said solid state switches on and off in response to current flow through the first mentioned switch.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
148 words
In a submersible unit housed in an enclosure part of which is exposed to water when submersed: power connections for electrical connection to an electric battery; a pair of electrical electrodes carried by said part of said enclosure such that an electrical current path is formed between said pair of electrodes when said enclosure is immersed in water; a circuit extending between said power connection and comprising said pair of contacts and an element exhibiting impedance; switch means responsive to a change in electrical flow in said element; said submersible unit comprising an underwater communications system comprising a transmitter and a receiver; means responsive to actuation of said switch from one state to another to render said receiver operative and disable said transmitter and responsive to actuation of said switch from said other state to said one state to render said transmitter operative and to disable said receiver.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
148 words
In a submersible unit housed in an enclosure part of which is exposed to water when submersed: power connections for electrical connection to an electric battery; a pair of electrical electrodes carried by said part of said enclosure such that an electrical current path is formed between said pair of electrodes when said enclosure is immersed in water; a circuit extending between said power connection and comprising said pair of contacts and an element exhibiting impedance; switch means responsive to a change in electrical flow in said element; said submersible unit comprising an underwater communications system comprising a transmitter and a receiver; means responsive to actuation of said switch from one state to another to render said receiver operative and disable said transmitter and responsive to actuation of said switch from said other state to said one state to render said transmitter operative and to disable said receiver.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-06-19 | 1981-12-19 | 1982-06-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-06-19 | 1985-12-19 | 1986-06-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-06-19 | 1989-12-19 | 1990-06-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |