US4092235A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Treatment of coal by alkylation or acylation to increase liquid products from coal liquefaction
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
•
Filing: 1975-11-26
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Granted: 1978-05-30
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Expires: 1995-11-26
Abstract
Abstract The production of liquid hydrocarbons from coal is significantly enhanced by alkylating or acylating the coal prior to subjecting the coal to liquefaction conditions. The introduction of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals or acyl radicals, including carbon monoxide, into the coal structure is believed to permit more of the coal to undergo liquefaction at suitable liquefaction conditions. The alkylation or acylation reactions can be conducted in the presence or absence of added or extraneous catalysts.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard H. Schlosberg
- 👤 Peter S. Maa
- 👤 Richard C. Neavel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 09:20
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/06; C10G1/065; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S208/00; Y10S208/951
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A process for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons from coal which comprises treating the coal with a reagent selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents and acylating agents and thereby introducing into the coal a radical selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and acyl radicals respectively and thereafter liquefying at least a portion of the treated coal at temperatures ranging from 600°-1000° F. and pressures of 300-3000 psig in the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent and/or molecular hydrogen.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
A process for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons from coal which comprises treating the coal with a reagent selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents and acylating agents and thereby introducing into the coal a radical selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and acyl radicals respectively and thereafter liquefying at least a portion of the treated coal at temperatures ranging from 600°-1000° F. and pressures of 300-3000 psig in the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent and/or molecular hydrogen.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1 wherein liquefaction conditions include elevated temperatures and pressures and the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent boiling in the range of about 300° to about 950° F.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reagent is an acylating agent and is selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and compounds having the formula ##STR6## wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylcycloalkyl or arylalkyl radical and X is a halogen or anhydride derivative.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the acylating agent is an acyl halide and acylation is effected in the presence of an added acylation catalyst.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the acylating agent is carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride and the reaction is effected in the presence of a hydrogen halide catalyst.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reagent is an alkylating agent and is selected from the group consisting of olefins, paraffins, and compounds having the formula R 2 -X wherein X is a halogen or hydroxyl and R 2 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylcycloalkyl or aryl alkyl radical.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 6 wherein the alkylating agent has the formula R 2 -X and the alkylation is effected in the presence of an added alkylation catalyst.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the treatment of the coal with the reagent comprises the following steps:
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
(a) contacting the coal with the reagent for a period sufficient to cause the reagent to react with the coal; (b) washing the treated coal to remove substantially all of the unreacted reagent; (c) repeating steps (a) and (b).
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
39 words
(a) contacting the coal with the reagent for a period sufficient to cause the reagent to react with the coal; (b) washing the treated coal to remove substantially all of the unreacted reagent; (c) repeating steps (a) and (b).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 2 wherein a bottoms fraction is recovered from the liquefaction step, the bottoms fraction comprising unliquefied coal and treating at least a portion of the bottoms fraction with the reagent and returning the treated bottoms fraction to the liquefaction step.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein a catalyst is employed during the treating step.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein a fraction containing unliquefied coal is recovered from the liquefaction step and is returned to the treating zone.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reagent is an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride, phosgene and compounds having the formula ##STR7## wherein R is a C 2 14 C 20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylcycloalkyl, or aryl alkyl radical and X is a halogen or anhydride derivative.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 12 wherein the acylating agent is carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride and the reaction is effected in the presence of a catalyst containing hydrogen halide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 12 wherein the acylating agent is a C 2 -C 20 acyl halide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
53 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reagent is an alkylating agent selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 20 olefins, paraffins and compounds having the formula R 2 - X wherein R 2 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylcycloalkyl or aryl alkyl radical and X is a halogen or hydroxyl group.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 15 wherein the reaction is effected in the presence of an alkylation catalyst.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 15 wherein the alkylating agent is a C 2 -C 8 olefin.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 15 wherein the alkylating agent is a C 2 -C 8 alkyl halide.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-05-29 | 1981-11-28 | 1982-05-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-05-29 | 1985-11-28 | 1986-05-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-05-29 | 1989-11-28 | 1990-05-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |