US4085010A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for powder-dispersed composite plating
Assignee: Suzuki Motor Corp
•
Filing: 1976-01-02
•
Granted: 1978-04-18
•
Expires: 1996-01-02
Abstract
Abstract A process and an apparatus for powder-dispersed composite plating in which a plating solution is recycled while a pulverulent material contained is being uniformly dispersed therein, and a plating tank is located in the recycling circuit, so that a uniform composite-plated coating is formed on an object or objects to be plated, while the consumption and dilution of the ions in the bath are being avoided by the constant renewal of the plating solution due to the recycling. This arrangement permits attainment of the highest possible plating efficiency through the use of an increased current density. Moreover, the particle size and concentration of the pulverulent material mixed in the plating solution can be controlled and thereby improvements in both plating quality and productivity can be achieved. In the case where the objects to be plated are cylinder- or ring-shaped or flat pieces, they can be stacked up in a cylindrical formation and compositely plated altogether to attain a remarkably high productivity.
Inventors
- 👤 Shigeru Ishimori
- 👤 Shinichi Honda
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 12:38
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D5/00; C25D5/08; C25D15/00; C25D15/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 179
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
A process for high speed plating of an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of providing a composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, applying a current density to said object of at least about 15 A/dm 2 , and causing a portion of said composite plating solution including substantially all said pulverulent material in said portion to flow in an upward direction at a velocity which is at least about 4.2 cm/sec past the portion of said object which is to be plated.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for high speed plating of an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of providing a composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, applying a current density to said object of at least about 15 A/dm 2 , and causing a portion of said composite plating solution including substantially all said pulverulent material in said portion to flow in an upward direction at a velocity which is at least about 4.2 cm/sec past the portion of said object which is to be plated.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 2 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
46 words
A process as set forth in claim 3 including the steps of placing said object in a tank having an inlet for said composite plating solution below said object and having an outlet above said object, and positioning said screen between said inlet and said object.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 4 wherein said screen has a mesh size of between about 0.1 and 1.1 cm.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 2 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fluoride or butadiene styrene rubber.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is between about 4.2 and 400 cm/sec and said current density is between about 15 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 7 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 8 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 8 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fluoride or butadiene styrene rubber.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and said current density is greater than about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 11 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 12 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 9 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is between about 4.2 and 1,000 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 15 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 15 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 16 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 15 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 18 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fluoride, or butadiene styrene rubber.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 600 cm/sec.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 20 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 21 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 20 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as set forth in claim 23 wherein said flow velocity is at least greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and said current density is at least 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 24 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 300 cm/sec.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 26 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 27 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 27 wherein said plating nickel is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fluoride or butadiene styrene rubber.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 26 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 200 A/dm 2 .
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 30 wherein said flow velocity is at least greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and said current density is at least about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is at least about 15.6 cm/sec.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 32 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 32 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 32 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 35 wherein said current density is at least about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is at least greater than about 32 cm/sec.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 37 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 38 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 37 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 37 wherein said current density is at least about 25 A/dm 2 .
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 300 cm/sec and wherein said current density is any amount up to about 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 42 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 43 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 43 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fluoride or butadiene styrene rubber.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 42 wherein said flow velocity is at least greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and said current density is at least about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 90 A/dm 2 .
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 47 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 48 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 47 wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 400 cm/sec.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 10 and 200 cm/sec.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 51 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 52 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as set forth in claim 51 wherein said current density is any amount between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process as set forth in claim 54 wherein said flow velocity is greater than at least about 13.5 cm/sec and said current density is greater than at least 20 A/dm 2 .
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 500 cm/sec.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 56 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 57 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 56 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 59 wherein said flow velocity is at least greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and said current density is at least about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is between about 20 and 300 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 20 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as set forth in claim 61 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the portion of said plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 62 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 61 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 200 A/dm 2 .
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as set forth in claim 65 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process as set forth in claim 66 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said portion of said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process as set forth in claim 65 wherein said flow velocity is at least about 6.0 cm/sec.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is between about 9.0 and 400 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 30 and 200 A/dm 2 .
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as set forth in claim 69 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated during said upward flow.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 70 wherein said step of substantially uniformly dispersing said pulverulent material in said plating solution comprises the step of passing said plating solution containing said pulverulent material through a screen.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 70 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fluoride or butadiene styrene rubber.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 69 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow velocity is between about 9.0 and 1,000 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 74 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
121 words
A process for plating an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of causing said object to be a cathode, providing a composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, causing a portion of said composite plating solution including substantially all said pulverulent material in said portion to flow past said object at a flow velocity of at least about 4.2 cm/sec so as to maintain a predetermined current efficiency to effect said composite plating, and adjusting the current density to a predetermined amount between about 5 A/dm 2 and an amount in excess of 5 A/dm 2 to adjust the content of the pulverulent material in the composite plating to a predetermined amount.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
121 words
A process for plating an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of causing said object to be a cathode, providing a composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, causing a portion of said composite plating solution including substantially all said pulverulent material in said portion to flow past said object at a flow velocity of at least about 4.2 cm/sec so as to maintain a predetermined current efficiency to effect said composite plating, and adjusting the current density to a predetermined amount between about 5 A/dm 2 and an amount in excess of 5 A/dm 2 to adjust the content of the pulverulent material in the composite plating to a predetermined amount.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein the flow of said composite plating solution in upward.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is selected from the group of silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, or titanium carbide.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said plating metal is selected from the group of nickel, copper, zinc or tin.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 80 wherein said current density is between about 5 and 30 A/dm 2 and wherein said flow velocity is between about 4.2 and 83 cm/sec.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 81 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein the spacing between the anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
56 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said current density is between about 15 A/dm 2 and 70 A/dm 2 and wherein said content of said pulverulent material in the plating is between about 3.0 percent and 5.0 percent.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 83 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein the spacing between the anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is about 4.2 cm/sec and said current density is between about 15 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 85 wherein the content of said silicon carbide is adjusted to between about 3.0% and 4.0%.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein the content of said silicon carbide is adjusted to between about 3.0% and 5.0%.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is tungsten carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 45 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is tungsten carbide and wherein the content of said tungsten carbide is adjusted to between about 3.8% and 4.1%.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as set forth in claim 89 wherein said flow velocity is about 45 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is aluminum oxide and wherein said flow velocity is about 13.5 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is aluminum oxide and wherein the content of said aluminum oxide is adjusted to between about 4.8% and 5.3%.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as set forth in claim 92 wherein said flow velocity is about 13.5 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium carbide and wherein sid flow velocity is about 15.6 cm/sec and said current density is between about 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is molybdenum disulfide and wherein the content of said molybdenum disulfide is adjusted to between about 3.2% and 3.5%.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as set forth in claim 95 wherein said flow velocity is about 15.6 cm/sec and said current density is between about 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is copper and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and said flow velocity is greater than about 45 cm/sec and said current density is between about 10 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is copper and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein the content of said silicon carbide is adjusted to between about 3.3% and 3.6%.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as set forth in claim 98 wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 45 cm/sec and said current density is between about 10 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
46 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is zinc and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 25 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 5 and 15 A/dm 2 .
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is zinc and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and the content of said silicon carbide is adjusted to between about 2.6% and 3.0%.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 101 wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 25 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 5 and 15 A/dm 2 .
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
46 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is tin and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 10 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 5 and 15 A/dm 2 .
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is tin and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and the content of said silicon carbide is adjusted to between about 2.7 and 3.1%.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 104 wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 10 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 5 and 15 A/dm 2 .
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium carbide and wherein the content of said titanium carbide is adjusted to between about 3.6% and 4.2%.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as set forth in claim 106 wherein said flow velocity is about 15.6 cm/sec and said current density is between about 20 and 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as set forth in claim 77 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein the spacing between the anode and the cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as set forth in claim 108 wherein said plating metal is provided at an anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for high speed plating of an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of providing a composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, applying a current density to said object of at least about 15 A/dm 2 , and causing a portion of said composite plating solution including substantially all said pulverulent material in said portion to flow at a velocity which is at least about 4.2 cm/sec past the portion of said object which is to be plated with a composite plating.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for high speed plating of an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of providing a composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, applying a current density to said object of at least about 15 A/dm 2 , and causing a portion of said composite plating solution including substantially all said pulverulent material in said portion to flow at a velocity which is at least about 4.2 cm/sec past the portion of said object which is to be plated with a composite plating.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is between about 4.2 cm/sec and 400 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 15 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 111 wherein aid plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 111 wherein said plating metal is nickel and wherein said pulverulent material is silicon carbide.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process as set forth in claim 113 wherein said plating metal comprises an anode and wherein said object comprises a cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and said cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 6.5 cm/sec.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 9.0 cm/sec.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 116 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 13.5 cm/sec.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 118 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 21.8 cm/sec.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 120 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 32 cm/sec.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process as set forth in claim 122 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 and 10.0 cm.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 45.0 cm/sec.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process as set forth in claim 124 wherein said plating comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is greater than about 83 cm/sec.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 126 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is between about 7 cm/sec and 500 cm/sec.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process as set forth in claim 128 wherein said flow is upwardly.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 129 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between said anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is between about 15 cm/sec and 500 cm/sec.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 131 wherein said current density is between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process as set forth in claim 131 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and wherein said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between the anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 137
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 133 including the step of substantially uniformly dispersing the pulverulent material in the plating solution flowing past the portion of said object to be plated.
Claim 138
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process as set forth in claim 131 wherein said flow is upwardly.
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said velocity is any value up to about 1,000 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
58 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is any amount which is greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and up to about 400 cm/sec and wherein the current density is between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
59 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is between any amount which is greater than about 9.0 cm/sec and up to about 60 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 30 A/dm 2 and 70 A/dm 2 .
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is tungsten carbide and wherein said flow velocity is between about 20 cm/sec and 300 cm/sec.
Claim 143
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 139 wherein said current density is between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 144
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 139 wherein said flow velocity is in excess of about 45 cm/sec and said current density is in excess of about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 145
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is aluminum oxide and wherein said flow velocity is between about 6 cm/sec and 400 cm/sec.
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 142 wherein said current density is between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process as set forth in claim 142 wherein said flow velocity is at least about 13.5 cm/sec.
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as set forth in claim 142 wherein said flow velocity is at least about 13.5 cm/sec and said current density is at least about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 149
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium dioxide and wherein said flow velocity is any amount up to about 300 cm/sec.
Claim 150
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as set forth in claim 146 wherein said current density is any amount up to about 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 151
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium dioxide and wherein said flow velocity is between an amount greater than about 7.5 cm/sec and 300 cm/sec.
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 148 wherein said current density is between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 153
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium carbide and wherein said flow velocity is between about 7 cm/sec and 500 cm/sec.
Claim 154
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 150 wherein said current density is between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 11 cm/sec and wherein said current density is at least about 25 A/dm 2 .
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is titanium carbide and wherein said flow velocity is at least about 15.6 cm/sec.
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is carbon fluoride and said flow velocity is up to about 1,000 cm/sec.
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as set forth in claim 154 wherein said current density is between about 25 A/dm 2 and 200 A/dm 2 .
Claim 159
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is carbon fluoride and wherein said flow velocity is at least about 6 cm/sec and said current density is at least 20 A/dm 2 .
Claim 160
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is molybdenum disulfide and wherein said flow velocity is between about 7 cm/sec and 400 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 20 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is molybdenum disulfide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 11.5 cm/sec and wherein said current density is at least about 25 A/dm 2 .
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
57 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is butadiene styrene rubber and wherein said flow velocity is between an amount which is greater than about 4.5 cm/sec and 200 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 .
Claim 163
Dependent Claim
56 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is copper and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is between about an amount which is greater than 5 cm/sec and 400 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 10 A/dm 2 and 90 A/dm 2 .
Claim 164
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is copper and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 20 cm/sec and wherein said current density is at least about 20 A/dm 2 .
Claim 165
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is copper and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 45 cm/sec and wherein aid current density is at least about 30 A/dm 2 .
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is zinc and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is between an amount which is greater than 11 cm/sec and 500 cm/sec and wherein said current density is between about 10 A/dm 2 and 70 A/dm 2 .
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is zinc and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 25 cm/sec.
Claim 168
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is tin and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is up to about 600 cm/sec.
Claim 169
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is tin and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is greater than about 38 cm/sec.
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is tin and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said flow velocity is up to about 600 cm/sec and wherein said current density is up to about 50 A/dm 2 .
Claim 171
Dependent Claim
48 words
A process as set forth in claim 110 wherein said plating metal is nickel and said pulverulent material is silicon carbide and wherein said current density is between 70 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 and wherein said flow velocity is between about 60 cm/sec and 400 cm/sec.
Claim 172
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process as set forth in claim 168 wherein said plating metal comprises the anode and said object to be plated comprises the cathode and wherein the spacing between the anode and cathode is between about 0.2 cm and 10.0 cm.
Claim 173
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process as set forth in claim 169 wherein said flow is upwardly.
Claim 174
Dependent Claim
152 words
A process for high speed plating of an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of causing said object to be a cathode, providing composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, causing a portion of said composite plating solution including said pulverulent material in said portion to flow past said object at a velocity of at least about 4.2 cm/sec, providing a current density of at least about 15 A/dm 2 to said object to produce a relatively high rate of composite plating, and causing the thickness of the diffusion layer on said object to be reduced with increases in current density above 15 A/dm 2 by increasing the flow velocity of, said composite plating solution past said object to a value in excess of said 4.2 cm/sec to permit usage of a current density in excess of said about 15 A/dm 2 .
Claim 175
Dependent Claim
152 words
A process for high speed plating of an object with a composite plating of a plating metal and a pulverulent material comprising the steps of causing said object to be a cathode, providing composite plating solution containing pulverulent material, causing a portion of said composite plating solution including said pulverulent material in said portion to flow past said object at a velocity of at least about 4.2 cm/sec, providing a current density of at least about 15 A/dm 2 to said object to produce a relatively high rate of composite plating, and causing the thickness of the diffusion layer on said object to be reduced with increases in current density above 15 A/dm 2 by increasing the flow velocity of, said composite plating solution past said object to a value in excess of said 4.2 cm/sec to permit usage of a current density in excess of said about 15 A/dm 2 .
Claim 176
Dependent Claim
49 words
A process as set forth in claim 171 wherein said current density is increased to any amount between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 and wherein said flow velocity is increased to an amount which is greater than about 9 cm/sec and up to about 1,000 cm/sec.
Claim 177
Dependent Claim
48 words
A process as set forth in claim 171 wherein said current density is increased to any value between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 and wherein said velocity is increased to an amount which is greater than about 9 cm/sec and up to about 400 cm/sec.
Claim 178
Dependent Claim
48 words
A process as set forth in claim 171 wherein said current density is increased to any value between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 and wherein said velocity is increased to an amount which is greater than about 45 cm/sec and up to about 300 cm/sec.
Claim 179
Dependent Claim
48 words
A process as set forth in claim 171 wherein said current density is increased to any value between about 30 A/dm 2 and 300 A/dm 2 and wherein said velocity is increased to an amount which is greater than about 15.6 cm/sec and up to about 500 cm/sec.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-04-17 | 1981-10-17 | 1982-04-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-04-17 | 1985-10-17 | 1986-04-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-04-17 | 1989-10-17 | 1990-04-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |