US4083940A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Coal purification and electrode formation
Assignee: Alcoa Corp
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Filing: 1976-02-23
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Granted: 1978-04-11
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Expires: 1996-02-23
Abstract
Abstract A process for purification of coal comprises forming an aqueous leaching solution containing nitric and hydrofluric acid. Impurities are removed by contacting coal having a mesh size not greater than 8 (Tyler Series) with the leaching solution for a period of 15 to 120 minutes at a temperature of 20 DEG to 100 DEG C. During the contacting of coal with leaching solution, a gaseous material such as air can be bubbled therethrough to provide additional mixing action and oxidant material. Thereafter, the solution is removed and the leached coal washed with water.
Inventors
- 👤 Subodh K. Das
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 09:24
CPC Classifications
H; H05; H05B; H05B7/00; H05B7/02; H05B7/06; H05B7/08; H05B7/085; C; C10; C10C; C10C1/00; C10C1/20; C25; C25C; C25C3/00; C25C3/06; C25C3/08; C25C3/12; C25C3/125
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of removing impurites from coal comprising: (a) providing an aqueous leaching solution containing at least one oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and 0.5 to 10 wt. % hydrofluoric acid, the remainder essentially water; (b) contacting said coal with said solution to form a slurry having a solution to coal ratio in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, said contacting time being for a period in the range of 15 to 120 minutes at a temperature in the range of 20° to 100° C; (c) mixing said slurry with a gaseous media selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen and nitrogen; (d) separating said coal from said solution; and (e) washing said coal with water to provide purified coal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of removing impurites from coal comprising: (a) providing an aqueous leaching solution containing at least one oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and 0.5 to 10 wt. % hydrofluoric acid, the remainder essentially water; (b) contacting said coal with said solution to form a slurry having a solution to coal ratio in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, said contacting time being for a period in the range of 15 to 120 minutes at a temperature in the range of 20° to 100° C; (c) mixing said slurry with a gaseous media selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen and nitrogen; (d) separating said coal from said solution; and (e) washing said coal with water to provide purified coal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said oxidizing agents are nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said oxidizing agent is nitric acid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said solution contains 6 to 20 wt. % of nitric acid and 2 to 7 wt. % hydrofluoric acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said contacting is for a period in the range of 45 to 90 minutes.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the ratio is in the range of 10:1 to 15:1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein said gaseous mixing media is air.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said washing of said coal is performed with demineralized water.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said coal to be contacted with said leaching solution has a particle size not greater than 14 mesh (Tyler Series).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said coal is calcined prior to said contacting.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
193 words
A method of forming carbon electrodes from impure coal comprising: (a) providing an aqueous leaching solution containing 2 to 25 wt. % of at least one oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 and Fe 2 (SO 3 ) 4 , and 0.5 to 10 wt. % hydrofluoric acid, the remainder essentially water; (b) contacting said coal with said solution to form a slurry having a solution to coal ratio in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, said contacting time being for a period in the range of 15 to 120 minutes; (c) mixing said slurry with a gaseous media selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen and nitrogen; (d) separating said coal from said solution; (e) washing said coal with water to provide purified coal; (f) calcining said washed coal to remove volatile matter therefrom; (g) blending said calcined coal with a coked carbonaceous material having a particle size larger than said coal; (h) mixing said blend of calcined coal and carbonaceous material with pitch to provide a mix; and (i) shaping said mix to an electrode configuration by heating in a mold.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
193 words
A method of forming carbon electrodes from impure coal comprising: (a) providing an aqueous leaching solution containing 2 to 25 wt. % of at least one oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 and Fe 2 (SO 3 ) 4 , and 0.5 to 10 wt. % hydrofluoric acid, the remainder essentially water; (b) contacting said coal with said solution to form a slurry having a solution to coal ratio in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, said contacting time being for a period in the range of 15 to 120 minutes; (c) mixing said slurry with a gaseous media selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen and nitrogen; (d) separating said coal from said solution; (e) washing said coal with water to provide purified coal; (f) calcining said washed coal to remove volatile matter therefrom; (g) blending said calcined coal with a coked carbonaceous material having a particle size larger than said coal; (h) mixing said blend of calcined coal and carbonaceous material with pitch to provide a mix; and (i) shaping said mix to an electrode configuration by heating in a mold.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein said impure coal has a particle size not greater than 14 mesh (Tyler Series).
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein said oxidizing agent is nitric acid.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein said solution contains 6 to 20 wt % nitric acid and 2 to 7 wt. % hydrofluoric acid.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein said contacting is for a period in the range of 45 to 90 minutes.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein the ratio is in the range of 10:1 to 15:1.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein said blend contains 25 to 45 wt. % carbonaceous material and 55 to 75 wt. % purified coal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 18 wherein said carbonaceous material is petroleum coke.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 12 wherein said mix contains 10 to 30 wt. % pitch.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
226 words
A method of forming carbon electrodes from impure coal comprising: (a) providing an aqueous leaching solution containing 2 to 25 wt. % nitric acid and 0.5 to 10 wt. % hydrofluoric acid, the remainder water; (b) contacting said coal having a particle size not greater than 14 mesh (Tyler Series) with said solution to form a slurry having solution to coal ratio in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, said contacting being for a time period in the range of 45 to 90 minutes at a temperature in the range of 60° to 100° C; (c) mixing said slurry with air; (d) separating said coal from said solution; (e) washing said coal with demineralized water at a temperature not greater than 100° C; (f) calcining said washed coal at a temperature of 500° to 1300° C for a period of 1/2 to 20 hours to remove volatile matter therefrom; (g) blending said calcined coal with a carbonaceous material having a particle size greater than 14 mesh (Tyler Series) to provide a blend having 25 to 45 wt. % carbonaceous material and 55 to 75 wt. % calcined coal; (h) mixing said blend of calcined coal and said carbonaceous material with pitch to provide a mix containing 10 to 30 wt. % pitch; and (i) shaping said mix to an electrode configuration by heating in a mold.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
226 words
A method of forming carbon electrodes from impure coal comprising: (a) providing an aqueous leaching solution containing 2 to 25 wt. % nitric acid and 0.5 to 10 wt. % hydrofluoric acid, the remainder water; (b) contacting said coal having a particle size not greater than 14 mesh (Tyler Series) with said solution to form a slurry having solution to coal ratio in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, said contacting being for a time period in the range of 45 to 90 minutes at a temperature in the range of 60° to 100° C; (c) mixing said slurry with air; (d) separating said coal from said solution; (e) washing said coal with demineralized water at a temperature not greater than 100° C; (f) calcining said washed coal at a temperature of 500° to 1300° C for a period of 1/2 to 20 hours to remove volatile matter therefrom; (g) blending said calcined coal with a carbonaceous material having a particle size greater than 14 mesh (Tyler Series) to provide a blend having 25 to 45 wt. % carbonaceous material and 55 to 75 wt. % calcined coal; (h) mixing said blend of calcined coal and said carbonaceous material with pitch to provide a mix containing 10 to 30 wt. % pitch; and (i) shaping said mix to an electrode configuration by heating in a mold.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-04-10 | 1981-10-10 | 1982-04-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-04-10 | 1985-10-10 | 1986-04-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-04-10 | 1989-10-10 | 1990-04-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |