US4083698A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines
Assignee: Fuel Systems Inc
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Filing: 1976-12-01
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Granted: 1978-04-11
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Expires: 1996-12-01
Abstract
Abstract A fuel composition, preferably for use in internal combustion engines, comprising a water-in-oil emulsion of (a) a hydrocarbon fuel, such as gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil; (b) water; (c) preferably a water-soluble alcohol; and (d) a novel combination of surface-active agents to provide a clear composition which is stable against phase separation over a wide range of temperatures.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward C. Wenzel
- 👤 Henry W. Steinmann
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 07:51
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K23/00; C09K23/017; C09K23/018; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/328; F; F02; F02B; F02B3/00; F02B3/06; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S516/00; Y10S516/01; Y10S516/06; Y10S516/905; Y10S516/914; Y10S516/917; Y10S516/918; Y10S516/919
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
84 words
A clear, liquid fuel composition which comprises: (a) a hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 0.1% to about 10% by weight water; and (c) a surface-active amount of a combination of surface-active agents consisting of: (i) a saturated or unsaturated long-chain fatty acid salt having from 12-18 carbon atoms or a mixture thereof; (ii) a free unsaturated long-chain fatty acid having from 12-18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of free unsaturated and saturated long chain fatty-acids having from 12-18 carbon atoms; and (iii) a non-ionic surfactant.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
84 words
A clear, liquid fuel composition which comprises: (a) a hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 0.1% to about 10% by weight water; and (c) a surface-active amount of a combination of surface-active agents consisting of: (i) a saturated or unsaturated long-chain fatty acid salt having from 12-18 carbon atoms or a mixture thereof; (ii) a free unsaturated long-chain fatty acid having from 12-18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of free unsaturated and saturated long chain fatty-acids having from 12-18 carbon atoms; and (iii) a non-ionic surfactant.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is fuel oil.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is diesel fuel.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, containing about 0.5% to 5% water.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
44 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, stable below the freezing point of water which further includes a water-soluble alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or mixtures thereof, said alcohol comprising about 1% to 10% by weight of the composition.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein a saturated long-chain fatty acid is used in combination with the unsaturated acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the long-chain fatty acid salt is an ammonium salt or a sodium salt, or a mixture thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 8, wherein the long-chain fatty acid salt is a mixture of ammonium and sodium oleate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 8, wherein the molar ratio of the ammonium to the sodium long-chain fatty acid salt ranges from 95:5 to 5:95.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, containing an added source of sodium ions for strong acid neutralization.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the free acid comprises free oleic acid.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is an ethylene oxide condensation or esterification product.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
162 words
A composition according to claim 13, wherein the ethylene oxide condensation or esterification product is formed with (i) an alkyl phenol of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 is alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 5 to 20; (ii) a fatty acid of the formula: ##STR6## (iii) a fatty alcohol of the formula: R.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.n OH wherein R 2 is a long-chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 5 to 30; (iv) a polyol having the formula: ##STR7## wherein R 3 is a long-chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 4; or (v) a polyol and long-chain fatty acid having the formula: ##STR8## wherein R 3 has the meaning given above, n 1 is an integer from 5 to 30 and n 2 is an integer from 1 to 4.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the saturated or unsaturated long-chain fatty acid salt ranges from 1:2 to 1:3 by weight.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, containing a solution of cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone in a concentration up to about 15% by weight.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-04-10 | 1981-10-10 | 1982-04-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-04-10 | 1985-10-10 | 1986-04-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-04-10 | 1989-10-10 | 1990-04-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |