Pulp and paper drying apparatus and method

Claim 2

In a method of drying a sheet of material, such as wood pulp or paper, wherein the method comprises: a. directing said sheet along a path of travel through one or more rotatably mounted drying drums, with the sheet traveling in a circuitous path around a substantial portion of the circumference of each drum so as to be in heat exchange relationship therewith, and b. directing pressurized steam into the interior of each drum and removing from each drum interior steam condensate that forms therein, an improvement to increase the effectiveness of heat transfer to the sheet being dried, said method comprising: condensing said steam in each drum on an interior surface thereof, which interior surface is of a smooth finish sufficient to reduce impedence of heat transfer due to water condensate at the interior surface of each drum, the interior surfaces of each drum having a roughness index at least at low as approximately 125 as measured on the General Electric Surface Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 3

The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the interior surface of each drum has a roughness index at least as low as approximately 32 as measured on the General Electric Surface Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 4

The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the interior surface of each drum has a roughness index between about 4 and 32 as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 5

The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the method is accomplished by providing each drum having a stainless steel cylindrical shell with a smooth interior surface.

Claim 6

The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the mehod is accomplished by providing each drum as a stainless steel cylindrical shell of a roughness index no greater than about 32, as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 7

In an apparatus to dry a sheet of material, such as wood pulp or paper, wherein the machine comprises: a. a plurality of rotatably mounted drying drums arranged to define a path of travel for the sheet through the apparatus, with the sheet traveling a circuitous path around a substantial portion of the circumference of the drums so as to be in heat exchange relationship therewith, b. each of said drums having a steam inlet through which pressurized steam can be directed into the drum interior, c. each of said drums having a condensate removal means through which steam condensate can be removed from the interior of the drum, and d. each of said drums having a cylindrical heat conducting side wall, said side wall having an exterior heat exchange surface to be in heat exchange contact with said sheet, and an interior heat exchange surface to be in heat exchange relationship with steam in the drum, an improvement to decrease resistance to heat transfer at the interior surface of each drum, said improvement comprising: each of said drums having an interior heat exchange surface of a smooth finish sufficient to reduce impedance of heat transfer due to water condensate at the interior surfaces of the drums, the interior surface of each of the drums having a roughness index of at least as low as 125, as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 8

In an apparatus to dry a sheet of material, such as wood pulp or paper, wherein the machine comprises: a. a plurality of rotatably mounted drying drums arranged to define a path of travel for the sheet through the apparatus, with the sheet traveling a circuitous path around a substantial portion of the circumference of the drums so as to be in heat exchange relationship therewith, b. each of said drums having a steam inlet through which pressurized steam can be directed into the drum interior, c. each of said drums having a condensate removal means through which steam condensate can be removed from the interior of the drum, and d. each of said drums having a cylindrical heat conducting side wall, said side wall having an exterior heat exchange surface to be in heat exchange contact with said sheet, and an interior heat exchange surface to be in heat exchange relationship with steam in the drum, an improvement to decrease resistance to heat transfer at the interior surface of each drum, said improvement comprising: each of said drums having an interior heat exchange surface of a smooth finish sufficient to reduce impedance of heat transfer due to water condensate at the interior surfaces of the drums, the interior surface of each of the drums having a roughness index of at least as low as 125, as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 9

The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein the interior surface of each of the drums has a roughness index at least as low as 32, as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 10

The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein the interior surface of each of the drums has a roughness index between about 4 and 32, as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.

Claim 11

The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein each of said drums has a cylindrical shell made of stainless steel with a smooth interior surface.

Claim 12

The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein each of said drums has a cylindrical shell made of stainless steel with an interior surface of a roughness index no greater than 32 as measured on the General Electric Roughness Index Scale Cat. No. 342 × 60.