US4081336A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Alkaline bright zinc plating and additive therefor
Assignee: MacDermid Inc
•
Filing: 1977-04-07
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Granted: 1978-03-28
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Expires: 1997-04-07
Abstract
Abstract An alkaline, electroplating bath for bright zinc plating comprising a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound such as, for example, nicotinic acid, which has been alkylated with a condensate of a difunctional halohydrin such as, for example, epichlorohydrin, and a hydroxy aryl compound such as, for example, vanillin, in admixture with certain polyethylenepolyamines or quaternary salts thereof, which bath is capable of producing bright, fine grained zinc deposits over a broad current density range both in the presence and absence of cyanides.
Inventors
- 👤 Frederick W. Eppensteiner
- 👤 Carl Steinecker
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 15:12
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/22; C25D3/24
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
56 words
A bright zinc, electroplating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline solution containing a source of zinc ions and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound which has been alkylated with a condensate of a difunctional halohydrin and a hydroxy aryl compound in admixture with a polyethylenepolyamine formed by the reaction of ammonia and ethylene dichlorode or a quaternary salt thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
56 words
A bright zinc, electroplating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline solution containing a source of zinc ions and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound which has been alkylated with a condensate of a difunctional halohydrin and a hydroxy aryl compound in admixture with a polyethylenepolyamine formed by the reaction of ammonia and ethylene dichlorode or a quaternary salt thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 2.0 grams per liter.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is present in an amount of from 0.25 to 0.50 grams per liter.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the polyethylenepolyamine or quaternary salt thereof is present in an amount of from 0.25 to 5.0 grams per liter.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the polyethylenepolyamine or quaternary salt thereof is present in an amount of from 0.3 to 0.75 grams per liter.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the heterocyclic compound contains an aromatic nitrogen.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bath of claim 6 wherein the heterocyclic compound is a substituted pyridine or substituted quinoline compound.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The bath of claim 6 wherein the heterocyclic compound is nicotinic acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the difunctional halohydrin is an epihalohydrin.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
10 words
The bath of claim 9 wherein the epihalohydrin is epichlorohydrin.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the difunctional halohydrin is a glycerol dihalohydrin.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
11 words
The bath of claim 11 wherein the glycerol dihalohydrin is 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
62 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the hydroxy aryl compound has the following structural formula: ##STR7## wherein R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are selected from the group H; --CHO; --So 3 Y wherein Y is a water soluble cation; lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; lower alkoxy of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and, halo.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
The bath of claim 13 wherein the hydroxy aryl compound is a hydroxy aryladehyde.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
11 words
The bath of claim 14 wherein the hydroxy arylalehyde is vanillin.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the ratio of ethylene dichloride to ammonia ranges from 6:1 to 2:1.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
The bath of claim 16 wherein the ratio of ethylene dichloride to ammonia is approximately 4:1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the polyethylenepolyamine quaternary salt is the reaction product of methyl chloride and polyethylenepolyamine which is formed by the reaction of ammonia and ethylene dichloride, with the ratio of ethylene dichloride to ammonia ranging from 6:1 to 2:1.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a source of cyanide ions.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath is free of cyanide ions.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a brightener in addition to said alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and said polyethylenepolyamine or quaternary salt thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The bath of claim 21 wherein said brightener is an organic aldehyde.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein said bath contains a grain refiner in addition to said alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and said polyethylenepolyamine or quaternary salt thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the source of zinc ions is an aqueous soluble zinc compound.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bath of claim 24 wherein the source of zinc ions is zinc sulfate or zinc oxide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a polyvinyl alcohol.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
32 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is a substituted pyridine or quinoline compound, said difunctional halohydrin is an epihalohydrin, and said hydroxy aryl compound is a hydroxy arylaldehyde.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The bath of claim 27 wherein said aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is nicotinic acid or nicotinamide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
10 words
The bath of claim 27 wherein said epihalohydrin is epichlorohydrin.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
11 words
The bath of claim 27 wherein said hydroxy arylaldehyde is vanillin.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process for electroplating for zinc which comprises effecting the electroplating within the bath of claim 1.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 31 wherein the plating is effected free of any cyanide ions.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 31 wherein the plating is effected in the presence of cyanide ions.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 31 wherein the plating is conducted at a temperature of from about 10° to about 100° C. and at a current density of up to about 200 amperes per square foot.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
72 words
An aqueous concentrate for preparing the bath of claim 1 which concentrate includes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound which has been alkylated with a condensate of a difunctional halohydrin and hydroxy aryl compound is admixture with a composition selected from the group polyethylenepolyamine and quaternary salts thereof wherein the polyethylenepolyamine has been formed by the reaction of ammonia with ethylene dichloride, the ratio of ethylene dichloride to ammonia ranging from 6:1 to 2:1.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
15 words
The aqueous concentrate of claim 35 wherein the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound includes an aromatic nitrogen.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
12 words
The aqueous concentrate of claim 35 wherein the difunctional halohydrin is epichlorohydrin.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
15 words
The aqueous concentrate of claim 35 wherein the hydroxy aryl compound is a hydroxy arylaldehyde.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-03-27 | 1981-09-26 | 1982-03-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-03-27 | 1985-09-26 | 1986-03-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-03-27 | 1989-09-26 | 1990-03-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |