Method and apparatus for distillation

Claim 3

A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the temperature of the molten lead is maintained between 330° and 620° C.

Claim 4

A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the molten lead is maintained at a temperature of between 400° and 600° C.

Claim 5

Apparatus for distilling phosphorus from phosphorus mud, said phosphorus mud being solids formed when entrained phosphorus-containing solids are scrubbed from the gases of a thermal phosphorus plant, comprising a furnace having an interior surface and an aperture for insertion therein and removal of an open vessel containing phosphorus mud, said aperture being surrounded by a substantially horizontal channel. means for closing the aperture with a vapour-tight seal comprising a lid and a flange around the circumference of said lid adapted to fit within said channel, and said channel containing lead in an amount sufficient to form a vapour-tight molten lead seal with said flange, and means for heating said lead in said channel above the melting point thereof, lead in the base of said furnace and exterior of said vessel, means for heating said lead in the furnace to a temperature above the melting point thereof to form a molten lead pool, said vessel when inserted into said furnace contacting said molten lead pool at at least the lower portion of said vessel to conduct heat from the interior of the furnace via said molten lead pool to said vessel, a condenser for phosphorus vapour, and a conduit adapted to conduct phosphorus vapour from the furnace to said condenser.

Claim 6

Apparatus for distilling phosphorus from phosphorus mud, said phosphorus mud being solids formed when entrained phosphorus-containing solids are scrubbed from the gases of a thermal phosphorus plant, comprising a furnace having an interior surface and an aperture for insertion therein and removal of an open vessel containing phosphorus mud, said aperture being surrounded by a substantially horizontal channel. means for closing the aperture with a vapour-tight seal comprising a lid and a flange around the circumference of said lid adapted to fit within said channel, and said channel containing lead in an amount sufficient to form a vapour-tight molten lead seal with said flange, and means for heating said lead in said channel above the melting point thereof, lead in the base of said furnace and exterior of said vessel, means for heating said lead in the furnace to a temperature above the melting point thereof to form a molten lead pool, said vessel when inserted into said furnace contacting said molten lead pool at at least the lower portion of said vessel to conduct heat from the interior of the furnace via said molten lead pool to said vessel, a condenser for phosphorus vapour, and a conduit adapted to conduct phosphorus vapour from the furnace to said condenser.

Claim 7

Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said lid comprises means for heating it above the condensation temperature of phosphorus vapour.

Claim 8

Apparatus for distilling the volatile substance from a mixture of said volatile substance and a non-volatile solid material comprising a furnace having an interior surface including a bottom and side walls, and an aperture for insertion therein and removal of an open vessel containing said mixture, said vessel having at least a lower surface and side walls, means for closing the aperture with a vapour-tight seal, an exposed mass of lead in the base of said furnace and exterior of said vessel, means for heating said furnace bottom and at least the lower portion of said furnace side walls to heat said mass of lead in the furnace by conduction from said furnace bottom and furnace side walls to a temperature above the melting point thereof to form an exposed molten lead pool, said vessel when inserted into said furnace contacting said molten lead pool at the lower surface of said vessel and at least at a portion of the sidewalls of said vessel to conduct heat from the interior bottom and side walls of the furnace via said molten lead pool to said vessel, a condenser for said volatile substance in the vapour state, and a conduit adapted to conduct said vapour from the furnace to said condenser.

Claim 9

Apparatus for distilling the volatile substance from a mixture of said volatile substance and a non-volatile solid material comprising a furnace having an interior surface including a bottom and side walls, and an aperture for insertion therein and removal of an open vessel containing said mixture, said vessel having at least a lower surface and side walls, means for closing the aperture with a vapour-tight seal, an exposed mass of lead in the base of said furnace and exterior of said vessel, means for heating said furnace bottom and at least the lower portion of said furnace side walls to heat said mass of lead in the furnace by conduction from said furnace bottom and furnace side walls to a temperature above the melting point thereof to form an exposed molten lead pool, said vessel when inserted into said furnace contacting said molten lead pool at the lower surface of said vessel and at least at a portion of the sidewalls of said vessel to conduct heat from the interior bottom and side walls of the furnace via said molten lead pool to said vessel, a condenser for said volatile substance in the vapour state, and a conduit adapted to conduct said vapour from the furnace to said condenser.