Dispersion-strengthened metals

Claim 2

In a process for dispersion strengthening metal including the steps of providing a powdered alloy of relatively noble matrix metal and solute metal, the matrix metal having a relatively low free energy oxide formation and the solute metal having a relatively high negative free energy of oxide formation, and the step of internally oxidizing said powdered alloy, the improvement comprising: increasing the grain size of said alloy prior to the step of internal oxidation at recrystallizing temperatures of said alloy in an inert atmosphere for time sufficient to increase the grain size of said alloy to a grain size of at least Grain Size No. 6 as measured by ASTM E-112.

Claim 3

A process for dispersion strengthening of metal by internal oxidation comprising: providing a powdered alloy having an average particle size of less than 300 microns comprising a matrix metal and a solute metal, said matrix metal having a negative free energy of oxide formation at 25° C. of up to 70 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen, said solute metal having a negative free energy of oxide formation exceeding the negative free energy of oxide formation of said matrix metal by at least about 60 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen at 25° C.; heating said powdered alloy within an inert atmosphere at a temperature and for time sufficient to increase the grain size of said alloy to a grain size of at least Grain Size No. 6 as measured by ASTM Test E-112; providing an oxidant comprising an intimate interspersion of in situ heat-reducible metal oxide and a finely divided hard refractory metal oxide, said heat-reducible metal oxide having a negative free energy of formation at 25° C. of up to 70 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen, said refractory metal oxide having a negative free energy of formation exceeding the negative free energy of formation of said heat-reducible metal oxide by at least about 60 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen at 25° C.; combining into an intimate mixture at least about 0.1 weight parts of said oxidant with 100 weight parts of said alloy, said oxidant having the heat-reducible metal oxide present in at least stoichiometric proportion for complete internal oxidation of all of said solute metal in said alloy; internally oxidizing said alloy mixed with said oxidant by heating to oxidize the solute metal of said alloy and to form a residue of heat reducible metal oxide of said oxidant; and thermally coalescing said internally oxidized alloy and said residue into a dispersion-strengthened metal stock.

Claim 4

A process for dispersion strengthening of metal by internal oxidation comprising: providing a powdered alloy having an average particle size of less than 300 microns comprising a matrix metal and a solute metal, said matrix metal having a negative free energy of oxide formation at 25° C. of up to 70 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen, said solute metal having a negative free energy of oxide formation exceeding the negative free energy of oxide formation of said matrix metal by at least about 60 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen at 25° C.; heating said powdered alloy within an inert atmosphere at a temperature and for time sufficient to increase the grain size of said alloy to a grain size of at least Grain Size No. 6 as measured by ASTM Test E-112; providing an oxidant comprising an intimate interspersion of in situ heat-reducible metal oxide and a finely divided hard refractory metal oxide, said heat-reducible metal oxide having a negative free energy of formation at 25° C. of up to 70 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen, said refractory metal oxide having a negative free energy of formation exceeding the negative free energy of formation of said heat-reducible metal oxide by at least about 60 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen at 25° C.; combining into an intimate mixture at least about 0.1 weight parts of said oxidant with 100 weight parts of said alloy, said oxidant having the heat-reducible metal oxide present in at least stoichiometric proportion for complete internal oxidation of all of said solute metal in said alloy; internally oxidizing said alloy mixed with said oxidant by heating to oxidize the solute metal of said alloy and to form a residue of heat reducible metal oxide of said oxidant; and thermally coalescing said internally oxidized alloy and said residue into a dispersion-strengthened metal stock.