US4069304A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Hydrogen production by catalytic coal gasification
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
•
Filing: 1975-12-31
•
Granted: 1978-01-17
•
Expires: 1995-12-31
Abstract
Abstract Coal is catalytically reacted with steam to produce hydrogen. Various Group I metal salts such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 and borax are used as catalysts. These catalysts are stabilized with fluoride containing salts such as CaF 2 to thereby extend their life. Alternatively, NaF was found to be a thermally stable catalyst for the reaction.
Inventors
- 👤 John A. Starkovich
- 👤 Jack L. Blumenthal
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 03:27
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10J; C10J3/00; C10J3/46; C10J3/48; C10J3/482; C01; C01B; C01B3/00; C01B3/50; C01B3/506; C01B3/56; C10J3/54; C01B2203/00; C01B2203/04; C01B2203/042; C01B2203/0425; C01B2203/0465; C01B2203/0475; C01B2203/0495; C01B2203/08; C01B2203/0872; C01B2203/0883; C10J2300/00; C10J2300/09; C10J2300/0913; C10J2300/0943; C10J2300/0953; C10J2300/0973; C10J2300/0983; C10J2300/0986; C10J2300/0996; C10J2300/16; C10J2300/1625; C10J2300/1637; C10J2300/18; C10J2300/1807; C10J2300/1853; C10J2300/1861; C10J2300/1876; C10J2300/1884; C10J2300/1892
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
96 words
A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: a. reacting steam, carbonaceous material and lime with a catalyst to produce hydrogen, residual carbon and CaCO 3 , the catalyst being selected from the group consisting of (1) NaF and (2) a salt of a Group I metal stabilized with a fluoride of a Group II metal; b. regenerating CaCO 3 to lime, converting the residual char to combustion products; c. reusing the catalyst and regenerated lime for further reaction with steam and carbonaceous material to produce additional hydrogen, and d. drawing off product, including hydrogen.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
96 words
A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: a. reacting steam, carbonaceous material and lime with a catalyst to produce hydrogen, residual carbon and CaCO 3 , the catalyst being selected from the group consisting of (1) NaF and (2) a salt of a Group I metal stabilized with a fluoride of a Group II metal; b. regenerating CaCO 3 to lime, converting the residual char to combustion products; c. reusing the catalyst and regenerated lime for further reaction with steam and carbonaceous material to produce additional hydrogen, and d. drawing off product, including hydrogen.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1 in which the catalyst comprises primarily a salt of a Group I metal stabilized with calcium fluoride.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
118 words
A process for producing hydrogen by the CSCL process comprising the steps of: a. reacting steam, carbonaceous material and lime with a catalyst in a first reaction zone, said catalyst being selected from the group consisting of (1) NaF and (2) a salt of a Group I metal stabilized with a fluoride salt of a Group II metal; b. removing catalyst, CaCO 3 , steam and residual char to a second reaction zone; c. regenerating CaCO 3 to lime and converting residual char to combustion products in said second reaction zone; d. recycling the catalyst and regenerated lime to the first reaction zone and e. taking a product stream, including H 2 , from the first reaction zone.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
118 words
A process for producing hydrogen by the CSCL process comprising the steps of: a. reacting steam, carbonaceous material and lime with a catalyst in a first reaction zone, said catalyst being selected from the group consisting of (1) NaF and (2) a salt of a Group I metal stabilized with a fluoride salt of a Group II metal; b. removing catalyst, CaCO 3 , steam and residual char to a second reaction zone; c. regenerating CaCO 3 to lime and converting residual char to combustion products in said second reaction zone; d. recycling the catalyst and regenerated lime to the first reaction zone and e. taking a product stream, including H 2 , from the first reaction zone.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 3 in which the fluoride salt is CaF 2 .
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 3 in which the salt of a Group I metal is selected from the class consisting of: (a) K 2 CO 3 , K 2 B 4 O 7 , Na 2 B 4 O 7 , NaCl, KCl, Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , NaCl--KCl, and mixtures thereof, sylvinite, soda ash, kernite, trona, and borax.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 3 in which the lime is present in the form of a material selected from the class consisting of: (a) decomposed, chemically pure, calcite; (b) run-of-mine-limestone and (c) dolomite.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
The process of claim 3 in which the reaction temperature in the first reaction zone is within the range from about 550° C - 800° C and the pressure in the first reaction zone is within the range from about one atmosphere to about 20 atmospheres.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 3 in which the operating pressures in the first and second reaction zones are substantially equal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 3 in which the first reaction zone comprises a fluidized reaction bed.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 3 in which the catalyst and lime are recycled with a steam carrier.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 3 in which the temperature, in the second reaction zone, is within the range from about 800° C - 1100° C and the pressure is in the range from about 1 to 20 atmospheres.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 3 in which the temperature, in the second reaction zone, is in the range from about 870° C - 980° C.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-01-16 | 1981-07-18 | 1982-01-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-01-16 | 1985-07-18 | 1986-01-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-01-16 | 1989-07-18 | 1990-01-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |