Hydroconversion process

Claim 2

In a process for the hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil by contacting said oil under hydroconversion conditions with hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a metal phthalocyanine in a reaction zone, the improvement which comprises hydroconverting said heavy oil in the presence of an effective amount of dispersed iron component particles added to said reaction zone, said iron component being selected from the group consisting of elemental iron, iron oxides, iron sulfides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 wherein said iron component particles are added to said heavy oil and dispersed therein prior to introducing said heavy oil in said reaction zone.

Claim 4

The process of claim 1 wherein said iron component particles are introduced into said reaction zone concurrently with said heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil.

Claim 5

The process of claim 1 wherein said reaction zone is maintained at a temperature ranging from about 343° to about 538° C.

Claim 6

The process of claim 1 wherein the partial pressure of said hydrogen in said reaction zone ranges from about 500 to about 5000 psig.

Claim 7

The process of claim 1 wherein said iron component is added to said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 30 weight percent, calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil.

Claim 8

The process of claim 1 wherein said iron component is added to said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil.

Claim 9

The process of claim 1 wherein said added iron component comprises elemental iron.

Claim 10

The process of claim 1 wherein said added iron component comprises an iron oxide.

Claim 11

The process of claim 1 wherein said added iron component comprises an iron sulfide.

Claim 12

The process of claim 1 wherein said metal phthalocyanine is present in said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 50 weight parts per million to about 2 weight percent calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil.

Claim 13

The process of claim 1 wherein said metal phthalocyanine is present in said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 100 weight parts per million to about 1 weight percent calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil.

Claim 14

The process of claim 1 wherein said metal phthalocyanine is present in said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 200 to about 2000 weight parts per million, calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil.

Claim 15

The process of claim 1 wherein the metal constituent of said metal phthalocyanine is selected from the group consisting of barium, titanium, tin, hafnium, vanadium, antimony, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof.

Claim 16

The process of claim 1 wherein the metal of said metal phthalocyanine is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, vanadium, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, platinum and mixtures thereof.

Claim 17

The process of claim 1 wherein the metal constituent of said metal phthalocyanine is selected from the group consisting of cobalt and nickel.

Claim 18

In a process for the hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil under hydroconversion conditions including a temperature ranging from about 343° C. to about 538° C. with hydrogen at a hydrogen partial pressure ranging from about 500 to about 5000 psig in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal phthalocyanine in a reaction zone, the improvement which comprises hydroconverting said oil in the presence of dispersed iron component particles, said iron component being added to said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 30 weight percent, calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil, said iron component being selected from the group consisting of elemental iron, iron oxides, iron sulfides and mixtures thereof.

Claim 19

In a process for the hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil under hydroconversion conditions including a temperature ranging from about 343° C. to about 538° C. with hydrogen at a hydrogen partial pressure ranging from about 500 to about 5000 psig in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal phthalocyanine in a reaction zone, the improvement which comprises hydroconverting said oil in the presence of dispersed iron component particles, said iron component being added to said reaction zone in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 30 weight percent, calculated as the elemental metal based on the heavy oil, said iron component being selected from the group consisting of elemental iron, iron oxides, iron sulfides and mixtures thereof.

Claim 20

The process of claim 17 wherein said added iron component comprises iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).

Claim 21

The process of claim 17 wherein said metal phthalocyanine is cobalt phthalocyanine.

Claim 22

The process of claim 17 wherein said metal phthalocyanine is nickel phthalocyanine.