US4065860A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Weapon training simulator
Assignee: Spartanics Ltd
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Filing: 1975-09-22
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Granted: 1978-01-03
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Expires: 1995-09-22
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus for automatically determining without human intervention the intersection point of the axis of an aimable optical system with a plane. A scanning radiation source is imaged on a radiation sensor array by a movable focusing reflector. The signal output from the sensor array is electronically processed to determine the intersection point of the optical axis of the focusing reflector on a target plane. When the apparatus is used as a weapon training simulator, a shot sound synthesizer imparts additional realism.
Inventors
- 👤 John D. Linton
- 👤 Samuel P. Willits
- 👤 William L. Mohan
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 21:01
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01S; G01S3/00; G01S3/78; G01S3/782; G01S3/787; F; F41; F41G; F41G3/00; F41G3/26; F41G3/2616; F41G3/2622; F41G3/2655
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 42
Claim 1
Independent Claim
198 words
A weapon training simulator of the type including a wieldable weapon having a trigger for controlling simulated weapon firing and a remote target scene comprising at least one target plane having one or more identifiable target scenes thereon, scanning radiation source means, sensor array means comprising one or more sensor bars each of which is comprised of at least one sensor pair, having output signals when irradiated, optical system means having an optical axis movable with respect to said target plane to permit its alignment with said identificable target scenes, said optical system means being adapted to image said scanning radiation source means on said sensor array means when said optical axis is aligned with said identificable target scene, null detection circuit means connected and responsive to said sensor array means output signals to provide output pulse signals indicative of the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane, and position detection means connected to and phased with said scanning radiation source means and connected and responsive to said output pulse signals of said null detection circuit means to provide position data for the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
198 words
A weapon training simulator of the type including a wieldable weapon having a trigger for controlling simulated weapon firing and a remote target scene comprising at least one target plane having one or more identifiable target scenes thereon, scanning radiation source means, sensor array means comprising one or more sensor bars each of which is comprised of at least one sensor pair, having output signals when irradiated, optical system means having an optical axis movable with respect to said target plane to permit its alignment with said identificable target scenes, said optical system means being adapted to image said scanning radiation source means on said sensor array means when said optical axis is aligned with said identificable target scene, null detection circuit means connected and responsive to said sensor array means output signals to provide output pulse signals indicative of the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane, and position detection means connected to and phased with said scanning radiation source means and connected and responsive to said output pulse signals of said null detection circuit means to provide position data for the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
47 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 further comprising display means connected to said null detection circuit means and to said position detection means and responsive to the outputs thereof to provide a visual indication of the alignment of said optical axis with said targets.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 2 further comprising shot sound simulator means adapted to provide a weapon shot sound for each time the weapon simulator is fired.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
81 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 3 wherein said shot sound simulator means comprises plural audio oscillator means, plural time delay gates responsive to weapon trigger actuation and connected to said audio oscillator means to sequentially switch them on in the proper time sequence and for the duration necessary to simulate weapon sound and an output circuit means connected to said plural audio oscillator means and adapted to control the relative and overall output amplitude of said oscillator means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
45 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein said scanning radiation source means comprises means for repetitively providing moving strips of radiant energy which are long in a horizontal axis and travel vertically and are long in a vertical axis and travel horizontally.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
53 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 5 wherein said scanning radiation source means further comprises at least one rectilinear shaped scan aperture means, a source of radiation, and slotted rotating scanning disc means disposed with respect to said aperture means and said radiation source to provide said moving strips of energy.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
57 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 6 wherein said slotted rotating scanning disc means comprises a rotating disc having plural arcuate slots therein, said slots being generated about points lying substantially on the 2 axes of said scan aperture and their intersection with radial lines perpendicular thereto and extending from the center of disc rotation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
48 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein said sensor array comprises at least two sensor pairs arranged in two bars perpendicular to each other, each sensor pair being effectively connected in parallel opposition and the sensor pairs of each bar being effectively connected in parallel.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein said sensor array means comprises four sensor pairs arranged in two bars to form a cross shape, each sensor pair being effectively connected in parallel opposition and the sensor pairs for each of said bars being effectively connected in parallel.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
101 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein said sensor array means comprises at least two parallel bars each of which is comprised of n + 1 sensor pairs, an equal number of parallel bars each of which is comprised of n + 1 sensor pairs and which are disposed at right angles to said first mentioned at least two parallel bars and intersecting same equidistant from each other and from the end of each bar, the sensors comprising each of said bars being effectively connected in parallel, n being the number of parallel bars running in each direction.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
82 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein the center of each of said sensor bars of said sensor array means are located on a straight line passing through the center of a target scene area and corresponding scanning radiation source means center and on the side opposite said corresponding scanning radiation source center, said sensor array being at a distance from said target scene equal to the distance from said target scene to said corresponding scanning radiation source center.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein said optical system means comprises focusing partial reflector means secured to and boresighted with said weapon.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
45 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 12 further comprising lens means interposed between said focusing partial reflector means and said target scene and having a focal length at least as long as the distance between it and the most remote identifiable target scene.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
131 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 1 wherein said null detection circuit means comprises hi-gain amplifier means, one for each sensor array bar and having its input connected thereto, each of said hi-gain amplifier means being responsive to said sensor array output signals, Schmitt trigger gate means, one for each of said hi-gain amplifier means, connected at its input to the output of each of said hi-gain amplifier means and conditioned to provide an output pulse signal when the image of said scanning radiation source means is centered on the sensor pairs of said sensor array bar, and position memory means connected to said Schmitt trigger gate means and to said encoder means for storing said position data present at the time of each of said output pulse signals.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
122 words
An apparatus for automatically determining the intersection point of a line with a target plane comprising at least one target plane having at least one identifiable target scene associated therewith, scanning radiation source means, sensor array means adapted to provide output signals indicative of the position of said scanning radiation source means thereon, optical means adapted to image said scanning radiation source means on said sensor array means, said optical means having an optical axis movable with respect to said target plane and which defines said line, and circuit means connected and responsive to said sensor array means output signals and comprising position detection means to provide position data for the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
122 words
An apparatus for automatically determining the intersection point of a line with a target plane comprising at least one target plane having at least one identifiable target scene associated therewith, scanning radiation source means, sensor array means adapted to provide output signals indicative of the position of said scanning radiation source means thereon, optical means adapted to image said scanning radiation source means on said sensor array means, said optical means having an optical axis movable with respect to said target plane and which defines said line, and circuit means connected and responsive to said sensor array means output signals and comprising position detection means to provide position data for the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
52 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 15 wherein said sensor array means comprises at least two sensor pairs arranged in two bars perpendicular to each other, each sensor pair being effectively connected in parallel opposition and the sensor pairs of each bar being effectively connected in parallel.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
55 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 15 wherein said sensor array means comprises four sensor pairs arranged in two bars to form a cross shape, each of said sensor pairs being effectively connected in parallel opposition and the sensor pairs for each of said bars being effectively connected in parallel.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
55 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 15 wherein said scanning radiation source means comprises a spot source of radiation scanning in one axis and said sensor array means comprises a linear array of multiple sensors disposed at right angles with respect to said axis of said scanning radiation source means.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
56 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 15 wherein said scanning radiation source means comprises a spot source of radiation scanning in one axis and said sensor array means comprises a linear array of multiple sensor pairs disposed at right angles with respect to said axis of said scanning radiation source means.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
73 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 16 wherein said radiation source means comprises at least one spot source of radiation each scanning effectively in one axis, and said sensor array means comprises at least one sensor pair for each of said spot sources of radiation, the axis of said sensor pairs being disposed at right angles with respect to the axis of its associated scanning radiation source means.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
52 words
An automatic line-plane intersection determining apparatus in accord with claim 15 wherein said scanning radiation source means comprises a spot source of radiation scanning in a circle and fixedly associated with said line defining optical means and said scanning radiation source means and said sensor array means are located in different planes.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
91 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 15 wherein said sensor array means is located remote from said target plane and fixedly associated with said line defining optical means and said scanning radiation source means is effectively located in said target plane and further comprising partially reflecting plane mirror means positioned between said target means and said scanning radiation source means and said optical means for directing radiation from said radiation source means to said optical means and permitting alignment of said optical axis with said target.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
84 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining system in accord with claim 15 wherein said scanning radiation source means comprises separate means for repetitively providing strips of radiant energy that are long in a horizontal axis and travel vertically and strips of radiant energy that are long in a vertical axis and travel horizontally, and said "sensor" array means comprises at least one pair of radiation sensors for said vertically traveling strips and at least one pair of radiation sensors for said horizontally traveling strips.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
81 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining system in accord with claim 23 wherein said scanning radiation source means comprises two rectilinear shaped scan apertures, located in said target plane. a source of radiation for irradiating each of said scan apertures, and rotating disc means interposed between said radiation source and said scan apertures, said rotating disc means having plural arcuate slots therein aligned with said scan apertures and adapted to generate said horizontal and said vertical traveling strips of radiant energy.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
135 words
A simulator which automatically determines the intersection point of a line with a target plane comprising at least one target plane having at least one identifiable target scene associated therewith, radiation source means, sensor array means adapted to provide output signals indicative of the position of said radiation source means thereon, optical means adapted to image said radiation source means on said sensor array means, said optical means comprising partially reflecting focusing reflector means and having an optical axis movable with respect to said target plane and which defines said line, said line intersecting said target plane at a point, and circuit means connected and responsive to said sensor array means output signals and comprising position detection means to provide position data for the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
135 words
A simulator which automatically determines the intersection point of a line with a target plane comprising at least one target plane having at least one identifiable target scene associated therewith, radiation source means, sensor array means adapted to provide output signals indicative of the position of said radiation source means thereon, optical means adapted to image said radiation source means on said sensor array means, said optical means comprising partially reflecting focusing reflector means and having an optical axis movable with respect to said target plane and which defines said line, said line intersecting said target plane at a point, and circuit means connected and responsive to said sensor array means output signals and comprising position detection means to provide position data for the point of intersection of said optical axis and said target plane.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
42 words
A weapon training simulator in accord with claim 25 further comprising lens means interposed between said optical means and said target plane and having a focal length at least as long as the distance between it and the most remote target plane.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
33 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 25 wherein said radiation source means is non-scanning, and said sensor array means is adapted to repetitively scan said radiation source image.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
An automatic line-plane intersection point determining apparatus in accord with claim 27 wherein said scanning sensor array scans in a circle.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
91 words
A scanning radiation source comprising radiation source means, stationary plate means having one or more rectilinear apertures therein, slotted scanning disc means, means for rotating said slotted scanning disc means, said slotted scanning disc means being disposed between said radiation source means and said stationary plate means to provide repetive linear moving strips of radiant energy, said slots being arcuate and being generated about points lying substantially on the two axes of said rectilinear apertures and their intersection with radial lines perpendicular thereto and extending from the center of disc rotation.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
91 words
A scanning radiation source comprising radiation source means, stationary plate means having one or more rectilinear apertures therein, slotted scanning disc means, means for rotating said slotted scanning disc means, said slotted scanning disc means being disposed between said radiation source means and said stationary plate means to provide repetive linear moving strips of radiant energy, said slots being arcuate and being generated about points lying substantially on the two axes of said rectilinear apertures and their intersection with radial lines perpendicular thereto and extending from the center of disc rotation.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
134 words
In a method for automatically determining the intersection point of a line with a target plane having at least one identifiable target scene by means of an apparatus of the type including a scanning radiation source, a sensor array comprising one or more pairs of radiation sensors comprising sensor bars responsive to said scanning radiation source to provide signals indicative of the position of the source thereon and operator movable optical imaging means for defining said line and for imaging said source on said sensor array, the improvement comprising the steps of effectively connecting the individual sensors of each of said sensor pairs in parallel opposition, and detecting when said scanning radiation source is centered on each of said sensor pairs to determine said intersection point as said operator moves said optical imaging means.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
134 words
In a method for automatically determining the intersection point of a line with a target plane having at least one identifiable target scene by means of an apparatus of the type including a scanning radiation source, a sensor array comprising one or more pairs of radiation sensors comprising sensor bars responsive to said scanning radiation source to provide signals indicative of the position of the source thereon and operator movable optical imaging means for defining said line and for imaging said source on said sensor array, the improvement comprising the steps of effectively connecting the individual sensors of each of said sensor pairs in parallel opposition, and detecting when said scanning radiation source is centered on each of said sensor pairs to determine said intersection point as said operator moves said optical imaging means.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 30 further comprising the steps of providing position data corresponding to the position of said scanning radiation source, and recording said position data at the time when said operator signals.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 31 further comprising the steps of arranging said sensor bars perpendicular to each other and each sensor bar is comprised of at least one pair of radiation sensors.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 32 further comprising the steps of arranging said sensor bars in a cross shape wherein said sensor bars intersect at their center and each sensor bar is comprised of two pairs of radiation sensors.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 31 further comprising the step of arranging said scanning radiation source to provide moving strips of radiant energy which are long in a horizontal axis and travel vertically and are long in a vertical axis and travel horizontally.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 31 further comprising the step of arranging said scanning radiation source to provide moving spots of radiant energy traveling on horizontal and vertical axes.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 31 further comprising the steps of interposing imaging means between said target scene and said operator movable imaging means, said interposed imaging means having a focal length at least as long as the distance between it and the most remote of said identifiable target scenes.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method for determining the intersection point of a line with a plane set forth in claim 30 further comprising the steps of continuously providing changing position data corresponding to the momentary position of said scanning radiation source, and storing said changing position data for a fixed length of time prior to and including the time when said operator signals.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-01-02 | 1981-07-04 | 1982-01-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-01-02 | 1985-07-04 | 1986-01-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-01-02 | 1989-07-04 | 1990-01-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |