Smoke detector

Claim 2

A smoke detector operating on the principle of interference of light by smoke comprising: a. a smoke test chamber; b. a source of D.C. power including an output and a ground; c. a pulsed D.C. power supply including an input operationally connected to the source of D.C. power and an output; d. a pulsed D.C. power supply regulator having an input operationally connected to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply, and an output; e. a smoke sensing means including a source of light and a light receiver in fluid communication with the smoke test chamber and operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; f. an alarm trigger having an input operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator and to the output from the smoke sensing means; g. an alarm pulser having an input operationally connected to the outputs from the alarm trigger and the source of D.C. power; and h. an alarm means having an input operationally connected to the output from the alarm pulser.

Claim 3

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pulsed D.C. power supply comprises: a. a first resistor operationally connected at one end to the source of D.C. power; b. a power supply pulser having an input operationally connected to the other end of said first resistor and an output; c. a second resistor operationally connected at one end to the output from the power supply pulser; and d. a power supply switcher having an input junction operationally connected to the source of D.C. power, and its output junction to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply, and having its base connected to the other end of said second resistor.

Claim 4

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 3 wherein the power supply pulser comprises: a. a first capacitor operationally connected at one plate to the other end of said first resistor; b. a second capacitor operationally connected at one plate to the other plate of said first capacitor and having its other plate operationally connected to ground; c. a first transistor having one junction operationally connected to the other end of said first resistor and having its base connected to the one end of the second resistor; d. a second transistor having one junction operationally connected to the one end of the second resistor and having its base connected to the other junction of the first transistor; e. a third resistor having one end operationally connected to the other junction of the second transistor and its other end operationally connected to the other plate of said first capacitor; and f. a fourth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other end of the third resistor and its other end operationally connected to ground; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the first and second transistors in the power supply pulser are such as to produce pulsation of the power supply.

Claim 5

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 3 wherein the power supply switcher comprises a third transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the source of D.C. power, and its output junction connected to the output from said pulsed D.C. power supply, and having its base connected to the other end of the second resistor; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the third transistor in the power supply switcher are such as to produce switching of the power supply.

Claim 6

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator comprises: a. a fifth resistor operationally connected at one end to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply; b. a fourth transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply, and its output junction to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator, and having its base connected to the other end of said fifth resistor; and c. a Zener diode operationally connected to the other end of said fifth resistor and to ground; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the fourth transistor and the Zener diode in the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator are such as to produce regulation of the pulsed D.C. power supply.

Claim 7

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein the alarm trigger comprises: a. an eighth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the smoke sensing means; b. a ninth resistor having one end operationally connected through the first diode to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; c. a sixth transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the other end of the eighth resistor and its base connected to the other end of the ninth resistor; and d. a seventh transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the other end of the ninth resistor, and its base connected to the output junction of the sixth transistor, and having its output junction connected to the ungrounded end of a grounded tenth resistor and to the output from the alarm trigger; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the first diode, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor in the alarm trigger are such as to produce triggering of the alarm.

Claim 8

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein the alarm pulser comprises: a. an eleventh resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the alarm trigger; b. a third capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor; c. a twelfth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other plate of the third capacitor; d. an eighth transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the source of D.C. power and its output junction connected to the other end of the twelfth resistor; e. a ninth transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the base of the eighth transistor, and its output junction connected to the other end of the twelfth resistor, and having its base connected to the output from the alarm pulser; f. a thirteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the base of said ninth transistor; and g. a tenth transistor having its base operationally connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor, and one junction connected to the other end of the thirteenth resistor, and its other junction connected to ground; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the eighth, ninth and tenth transistors in the alarm pulser are such as to pulse the alarm.

Claim 9

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein the alarm means comprises a magnetic horn operationally connected to the output of the alarm pulser and to ground; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the magnetic horn in the alarm means are such as to sound the horn.

Claim 10

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1, the improvement in open-short supervisor comprising: a. a fourteenth resistor and a fifteenth resistor in series connection with one end of a first potentiometer resistor, each having one end operationally connected to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; b. a second L.E.D. having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the fourteenth resistor and its cathode to ground; c. a first L.E.D. having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the first potentiometer resistor and its cathode to ground; d. an eleventh transistor having its base operationally connected to the anode of the first L.E.D., one junction connected to the anode of the second L.E.D. and its other junction connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; and e. a twelfth transistor having its base operationally connected to one junction of the eleventh transistor, one junction connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply through a sixteenth resistor, and the other junction connected to the anode of the first L.E.D.; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the eleventh and twelfth transistors in the open-short supervisor are such as to detect open and short circuits.

Claim 11

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 9, the improvement in alarm defeat comprising a second diode operationally connecting the output from the open-short supervisor and the input junction of the amplifying transistor; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the second diode in the alarm defeat is such as to defeat the alarm.

Claim 12

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1, the improvement in warning trigger comprising: a. a seventeenth resistor having one end operationally connected to a third diode and the other end to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply; b. an eighteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the one end of the seventeenth resistor; c. a fourth diode operationally connected to the other end of the eighteenth resistor; d. a twentieth resistor having one end connected to the other end of the eighteenth resistor; e. a thirteenth transistor having one junction operationally connected to the other end of the twentieth resistor and its base connected to the one end of a twenty-first resistor; f. a fourteenth transistor having its base operationally connected to the other junction of the thirteenth transistor, and one junction connected to the base of the thirteenth transistor; g. a twenty-second resistor having one end operationally connected to the other junction of the fourteenth transistor and the other end to ground; h. a fifth capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the base of the thirteenth transistor and its other plate operationally connected to ground; and i. a fifth diode operationally connected to the one junction of the fourteenth transistor; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the fourth and fifth diodes and the thirteenth and fourteenth transistors in the warning trigger are such as to trigger a warning.

Claim 13

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1, the improvement in a warning timer comprising: a. a sixth diode having its anode operationally connected to the output junction of the ninth transistor and its cathode connected to the anode of the fourth diode; and b. a sixth capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the cathode of the sixth diode and its other plate operationally connected to ground; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the fourth and sixth diodes and the ninth transistor in the warning timer are such as to time the warning.

Claim 14

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1, the improvement in a pulser override comprising: a. a twenty-third resistor operationally connected at one end to the cathode of the sixth diode; and b. a seventh diode having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the twenty-third resistor and its cathode connected to the other end of the first resistor; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connection of the sixth and seventh diodes in the pulser override are such as to override pulsation of the power supply.

Claim 15

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein the smoke sensing means comprises: a. a phototransistor having its input junction operationally connected to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator through the cathode of a first diode and a seventh resistor in series connection, and having its base in photocommunication with the light receiver; and b. an amplifying transistor having its input junction operationally connected to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator through the cathode of the first diode and the seventh resistor and its base connected to the output junction of the phototransistor; whereby the polarities associated with the operational connections of the first diode, the phototransistor and the amplifying transistor are such as to sense and amplify the light signal.

Claim 16

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1, the improvement in low supply voltage threshold adjuster comprising a second potentiometer resistor having one end operationally connected to the one end of the seventeenth resistor and the other end to ground.

Claim 17

In a smoke detector as set forth in claim 1, the improvement in alarm damper comprising a diode having its cathode operationally connected to the eighth and ninth transistors and its anode to ground.

Claim 18

A smoke detector operating on the principle of light interference by smoke, having a pulsed power supply for conserving energy, a pulsed alarm circuit, a warning of a short or opening in the smoke detector circuit, and a low A.C. supply voltage warning and automatic switchover to battery circuit, comprising: 1. a transformer operationally connected to a source of A.C. power and having secondary output terminals; 2. a full-wave bridge rectifier having input terminals operationally connected to the secondary output terminals of the transformer; 3. a power supply capacitor operationally connected across the output terminals of the bridge rectifier to ground; 4. a battery in series connection with a diode and both operationally connected across the output terminals of the bridge rectifier; 5. a first resistor operationally connected at one end to the high output terminal of said bridge rectifier; a. a first capacitor operationally connected at one plate to the other end of said first resistor; b. a second capacitor operationally connected at one plate to the other plate of said first capacitor and having its other plate operationally connected to ground; c. a first PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the other end of said first resistor and its base connected to the output of the power supply pulser; d. a first NPN transistor having its base operationally connected to the collector of the first PNP transistor and its collector operationally connected to the output of the power supply pulser; e. a third resistor having one end operationally connected to the emitter of the first NPN transistor and its other end operationally connected to the other plate of said first capacitor; f. a fourth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other end of the third resistor and its other end operationally connected to ground; g. a second PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the source of D.C. power, its base operationally connected to the other end of the second resistor and its collector operationally connected to the output from said power supply switcher; h. a fifth resistor operationally connected at one end to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply; i. a second NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply, its base operationally connected to the other end of said fifth resistor and its emitter operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; j. a Zener diode having its cathode operationally connected to the other end of said fifth resistor and its anode operationally connected to ground; k. a sixth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply voltage regulator; l. a first potentiometer having one end operationally connected to the other end of the sixth resistor; m. a first L.E.D. having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the first potentiometer and its cathode operationally connected to ground and mounting in the lower end of the bore in the housing operationally focused to shine light up the axis of said bore; n. a first diode having its anode operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; o. a seventh resistor having one end operationally connected to the cathode of said first diode; p. a light sensor including an output having its input operationally connected to the other end of said seventh resistor and mounting in the upper end of the bore in the housing operationally focused to receive light from down the axis of said bore; q. an amplifier having a first input operationally connected to the other end of said seventh resistor and a second input operationally connected to the output from said light sensor; r. an NPN phototransistor having its collector operationally connected to the input to and its emitter operationally connected to the output from said light sensor; s. a third NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to first input to said amplifier and to the output therefrom and its base operationally connected to the output from said light sensor; t. a first diode having its anode operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply voltage regulator; u. an eighth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the amplifier; v. a ninth resistor having one end operationally connected to the cathode of the first diode; w. a third PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the other end of the eighth resistor and its base operationally connected to the other end of the ninth resistor; x. a fourth NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to the other end of the ninth resistor, its base operationally connected to the collector of the third PNP transistor and its emitter operationally connected to one end of a tenth resistor the other end of which connects to ground and to the output from the alarm trigger; y. an eleventh resistor having one end operationally connected to the input to the alarm pulser; z. a third capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor; aa. a twelfth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other plate of the third capacitor; bb. a fourth PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the source of D.C. power and its collector operationally connected to the other end of the twelfth resistor; cc. a fifth PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the base of the fourth PNP transistor, its collector operationally connected to the other end of the twelfth resistor and to the output from the alarm pulser; dd. a thirteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the base of said fifth PNP transistor; ee. a fifth NPN transistor having its base operationally connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor, its collector operationally connected to the other end of the thirteenth resistor and its emitter operationally connected to ground; ff. a magnetic horn having its input operationally connected to the output of the alarm pulser and its output operationally connected to ground; gg. a fourteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the anode of the first diode; hh. a second L.E.D. having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the fourteenth resistor and its cathode operationally connected to ground; ii. a sixth PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the anode of the first L.E.D., its base operationally connected to the anode of the second L.E.D. and its collector operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; jj. a sixth NPN transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the base of the sixth PNP transistor, its base operationally connected to the emitter of the same and its collector operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; kk. a fifteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply and its other end operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; ll. a second diode having its cathode operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; mm. a third diode having its cathode operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; nn. a second potentiometer having one end operationally connected to the anode of the third diode and its other end to ground; oo. a sixteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply and its other end operationally connected to the anode of the third diode; pp. a seventeenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the anode of the third diode; qq. a fourth diode having its cathode operationally connected to the other end of the seventeenth resistor; rr. an eighteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other end of the seventeenth resistor; ss. a nineteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; tt. a seventh PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the other end of the eighteenth resistor and its base operationally connected to the other end of the nineteenth resistor; uu. a seventh NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to the base of the seventh PNP transistor and its base operationally connected to the collector of the same; vv. a twentieth resistor having one end operationally connected to the emitter of the seventh NPN transistor and its other end operationally connected to ground; ww. a fifth diode having its anode operationally connected to the base of the seventh PNP transistor and its cathode operationally connected with the output from the warning trigger; xx. a fifth capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the base of the seventh PNP transistor and its other plate operationally connected to ground; yy. a sixth diode having its anode operationally connected to the collector of the fifth PNP transistor; zz. a sixth capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the cathode of the sixth diode and to the anode of the fourth diode and its other plate operationally connected to ground; aaa. a twenty-first resistor operationally connected at one end to the cathode of the sixth diode; bbb. a seventh diode having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the twenty-first resistor and its cathode operationally connected to the other end of the first resistor; and ccc. an eighth diode having its cathode operationally connected to the collector of the fifth PNP transistor and its anode operationally connected to ground.

Claim 19

A smoke detector operating on the principle of light interference by smoke, having a pulsed power supply for conserving energy, a pulsed alarm circuit, a warning of a short or opening in the smoke detector circuit, and a low A.C. supply voltage warning and automatic switchover to battery circuit, comprising: 1. a transformer operationally connected to a source of A.C. power and having secondary output terminals; 2. a full-wave bridge rectifier having input terminals operationally connected to the secondary output terminals of the transformer; 3. a power supply capacitor operationally connected across the output terminals of the bridge rectifier to ground; 4. a battery in series connection with a diode and both operationally connected across the output terminals of the bridge rectifier; 5. a first resistor operationally connected at one end to the high output terminal of said bridge rectifier; a. a first capacitor operationally connected at one plate to the other end of said first resistor; b. a second capacitor operationally connected at one plate to the other plate of said first capacitor and having its other plate operationally connected to ground; c. a first PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the other end of said first resistor and its base connected to the output of the power supply pulser; d. a first NPN transistor having its base operationally connected to the collector of the first PNP transistor and its collector operationally connected to the output of the power supply pulser; e. a third resistor having one end operationally connected to the emitter of the first NPN transistor and its other end operationally connected to the other plate of said first capacitor; f. a fourth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other end of the third resistor and its other end operationally connected to ground; g. a second PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the source of D.C. power, its base operationally connected to the other end of the second resistor and its collector operationally connected to the output from said power supply switcher; h. a fifth resistor operationally connected at one end to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply; i. a second NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply, its base operationally connected to the other end of said fifth resistor and its emitter operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; j. a Zener diode having its cathode operationally connected to the other end of said fifth resistor and its anode operationally connected to ground; k. a sixth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply voltage regulator; l. a first potentiometer having one end operationally connected to the other end of the sixth resistor; m. a first L.E.D. having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the first potentiometer and its cathode operationally connected to ground and mounting in the lower end of the bore in the housing operationally focused to shine light up the axis of said bore; n. a first diode having its anode operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; o. a seventh resistor having one end operationally connected to the cathode of said first diode; p. a light sensor including an output having its input operationally connected to the other end of said seventh resistor and mounting in the upper end of the bore in the housing operationally focused to receive light from down the axis of said bore; q. an amplifier having a first input operationally connected to the other end of said seventh resistor and a second input operationally connected to the output from said light sensor; r. an NPN phototransistor having its collector operationally connected to the input to and its emitter operationally connected to the output from said light sensor; s. a third NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to first input to said amplifier and to the output therefrom and its base operationally connected to the output from said light sensor; t. a first diode having its anode operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply voltage regulator; u. an eighth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the amplifier; v. a ninth resistor having one end operationally connected to the cathode of the first diode; w. a third PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the other end of the eighth resistor and its base operationally connected to the other end of the ninth resistor; x. a fourth NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to the other end of the ninth resistor, its base operationally connected to the collector of the third PNP transistor and its emitter operationally connected to one end of a tenth resistor the other end of which connects to ground and to the output from the alarm trigger; y. an eleventh resistor having one end operationally connected to the input to the alarm pulser; z. a third capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor; aa. a twelfth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other plate of the third capacitor; bb. a fourth PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the source of D.C. power and its collector operationally connected to the other end of the twelfth resistor; cc. a fifth PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the base of the fourth PNP transistor, its collector operationally connected to the other end of the twelfth resistor and to the output from the alarm pulser; dd. a thirteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the base of said fifth PNP transistor; ee. a fifth NPN transistor having its base operationally connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor, its collector operationally connected to the other end of the thirteenth resistor and its emitter operationally connected to ground; ff. a magnetic horn having its input operationally connected to the output of the alarm pulser and its output operationally connected to ground; gg. a fourteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the anode of the first diode; hh. a second L.E.D. having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the fourteenth resistor and its cathode operationally connected to ground; ii. a sixth PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the anode of the first L.E.D., its base operationally connected to the anode of the second L.E.D. and its collector operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; jj. a sixth NPN transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the base of the sixth PNP transistor, its base operationally connected to the emitter of the same and its collector operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; kk. a fifteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply and its other end operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; ll. a second diode having its cathode operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; mm. a third diode having its cathode operationally connected to the output from the open-short supervisor; nn. a second potentiometer having one end operationally connected to the anode of the third diode and its other end to ground; oo. a sixteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output from the pulsed D.C. power supply and its other end operationally connected to the anode of the third diode; pp. a seventeenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the anode of the third diode; qq. a fourth diode having its cathode operationally connected to the other end of the seventeenth resistor; rr. an eighteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the other end of the seventeenth resistor; ss. a nineteenth resistor having one end operationally connected to the output of the pulsed D.C. power supply regulator; tt. a seventh PNP transistor having its emitter operationally connected to the other end of the eighteenth resistor and its base operationally connected to the other end of the nineteenth resistor; uu. a seventh NPN transistor having its collector operationally connected to the base of the seventh PNP transistor and its base operationally connected to the collector of the same; vv. a twentieth resistor having one end operationally connected to the emitter of the seventh NPN transistor and its other end operationally connected to ground; ww. a fifth diode having its anode operationally connected to the base of the seventh PNP transistor and its cathode operationally connected with the output from the warning trigger; xx. a fifth capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the base of the seventh PNP transistor and its other plate operationally connected to ground; yy. a sixth diode having its anode operationally connected to the collector of the fifth PNP transistor; zz. a sixth capacitor having one plate operationally connected to the cathode of the sixth diode and to the anode of the fourth diode and its other plate operationally connected to ground; aaa. a twenty-first resistor operationally connected at one end to the cathode of the sixth diode; bbb. a seventh diode having its anode operationally connected to the other end of the twenty-first resistor and its cathode operationally connected to the other end of the first resistor; and ccc. an eighth diode having its cathode operationally connected to the collector of the fifth PNP transistor and its anode operationally connected to ground.