US4062812A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method for extending the functional life of polymers used in xerographic devices
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1976-07-01
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Granted: 1977-12-13
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Expires: 1996-07-01
Abstract
Abstract A method is disclosed for extending the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitriles by incorporating salts having asymmetrical quaternary ammonium cations or salts having structural charge specific anions therein. The method and polymers are useful for extending the functional electrical life and electrical stability of materials used in xerographic devices where control of and minimizing of the variations in the resistivity under applied voltages vs. time is important, e.g., in bias transfer rolls.
Inventors
- 👤 George J. Safford
- 👤 James A. Lentz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 10:15
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01B; H01B3/00; H01B3/18; H01B3/28; C; C08; C08K; C08K5/00; C08K5/16; C08K5/17; C08K5/19; C08K5/49; C08K5/50; G; G03; G03G; G03G15/00; G03G15/14; G03G15/16; G03G15/1665; G03G15/167; G03G15/1685; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31551; Y10T428/31573; Y10T428/31583; Y10T428/31587
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 37
Claim 1
Independent Claim
45 words
A method for controlling the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile comprising incorporating varying concentrations of at least one salt selected from the group of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
45 words
A method for controlling the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile comprising incorporating varying concentrations of at least one salt selected from the group of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile is acrylonitrile.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the salt having an asymmetrical cation is didodecyldimethyl quaternary ammonium bromide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the concentration of salt having an asymmetrical cation varies from about 0.01 percent by weight to about 6.0 percent by weight based upon the weight of the copolymer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical life of the copolymer is increased by increasing the concentration of the salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
49 words
A method of controlling the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile comprising incorporating at least one salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer and varying the asymmetry of the cation.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
49 words
A method of controlling the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile comprising incorporating at least one salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer and varying the asymmetry of the cation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile is acrylonitrile.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the salt having varying asymmetrical cation is didodecyldimethyl quaternary ammonium bromide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the electrical life of the copolymer of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile is increased by increasing the asymmetry of the cation in the salt having an asymmetrical cation.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
48 words
A method for controlling the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile comprising incorporating varying concentrations of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having a structural charge specific anion in the copolymer.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
48 words
A method for controlling the electrical life of copolymers of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile comprising incorporating varying concentrations of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having a structural charge specific anion in the copolymer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein the terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile is acrylonitrile.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein the structural charge specific anion is selected from the group consisting of perchlorate, nitrile, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite, benzoate, and acetate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 10 wherein the salt has a symmetrical cation.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 10 wherein the salt has an asymmetrical cation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 10 wherein the electrical life of the copolymer of butadiene and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbon nitrile are increased by increasing the concentration of the salt having a structural charge specific anion in the copolymer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 15 further comprising reacting the copolymer having improved electrical life with a diisocyanate to form a polyurethane having improved electrical life.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 15 further comprising reacting the copolymers having improved electrical life with a dibasic acid to form an elastomeric ester having improved electrical life.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 15 further comprising reacting the copolymer having improved electrical life with an epoxy functional material to form an epoxy reaction product having improved electrical life.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
171 words
A method of increasing the electrical life of a biasable transfer member having at least one coating of an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material being the reaction product of a butadiene/nitrile-containing copolymer and a suitable functional agent selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a dibasic acid and a functional epoxy, upon a conductive substrate for supporting a uniform bias potential thereon, comprising incorporating varying concentrations of a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer; dissolving the salt having asymmetrical cation in the copolymer; reacting the copolymer having the salt having asymmetrical cation therein with the suitable functional agent to produce a reaction product containing the solubilized salt having asymmetrical cation; and coating the reaction product having the solubilized salt having asymmetrical cation therein on the conductive substrate, the diisocyanate reaction product being a polyurethane, the dibasic acid reaction product being an elastomeric ester, and the difunctional epoxy reaction product being an epoxy reaction product.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
171 words
A method of increasing the electrical life of a biasable transfer member having at least one coating of an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material being the reaction product of a butadiene/nitrile-containing copolymer and a suitable functional agent selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a dibasic acid and a functional epoxy, upon a conductive substrate for supporting a uniform bias potential thereon, comprising incorporating varying concentrations of a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer; dissolving the salt having asymmetrical cation in the copolymer; reacting the copolymer having the salt having asymmetrical cation therein with the suitable functional agent to produce a reaction product containing the solubilized salt having asymmetrical cation; and coating the reaction product having the solubilized salt having asymmetrical cation therein on the conductive substrate, the diisocyanate reaction product being a polyurethane, the dibasic acid reaction product being an elastomeric ester, and the difunctional epoxy reaction product being an epoxy reaction product.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the nitrile containing portion of the copolymer is acrylonitrile.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the amount of salt having asymmetrical cation is increased from about 0.01 weight percent up to that amount of salt which can be solubilized in the reaction product.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer is didodecyldimethyl quaternary ammonium bromide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the electrical life of the reaction product is increased by incorporating increasing concentrations of the salt having an asymmetrical cation in the copolymer.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
162 words
A method of increasing the electrical life of a biasable transfer member having at least one coating of an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material being the reaction product of a butadiene/nitrile-containing copolymer and a suitable functional agent selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a dibasic acid and a difunctional epoxy, upon a conductive substrate for supporting a uniform bias potential thereon, comprising incorporating salts selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having asymmetrical cations in the copolymer, the salts having varying cation asymmetry; dissolving the salt having the varying asymmetrical cation in the copolymer; reacting the copolymer having the salt having asymmetrical cation therein with the suitable functional agent to produce a reaction product containing the solubilized salt having asymmetrical cation therein on the conductive substrate, the diisocyanate reaction product being a polyurethane, the dibasic acid reaction product being an elastomeric ester, and the difunctional epoxy reaction product being an epoxy reaction product.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
162 words
A method of increasing the electrical life of a biasable transfer member having at least one coating of an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material being the reaction product of a butadiene/nitrile-containing copolymer and a suitable functional agent selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a dibasic acid and a difunctional epoxy, upon a conductive substrate for supporting a uniform bias potential thereon, comprising incorporating salts selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having asymmetrical cations in the copolymer, the salts having varying cation asymmetry; dissolving the salt having the varying asymmetrical cation in the copolymer; reacting the copolymer having the salt having asymmetrical cation therein with the suitable functional agent to produce a reaction product containing the solubilized salt having asymmetrical cation therein on the conductive substrate, the diisocyanate reaction product being a polyurethane, the dibasic acid reaction product being an elastomeric ester, and the difunctional epoxy reaction product being an epoxy reaction product.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the nitrile-containing portion of the copolymer is acrylonitrile.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the electrical life of the reaction product is increased by incorporating salts having increasing asymmetry in the cation in the copolymer.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
166 words
A method of increasing the electrical life of a biasable transfer member having at least one coating of an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material being the reaction product of a butadiene/nitrile-containing copolymer and a suitable functional agent selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a dibasic acid and a difunctional epoxy, upon a conductive substrate for supporting a uniform bias potential thereon, comprising incorporating varying concentrations of a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having a structural charge specific anion in the copolymer; dissolving the salt having structural charge specific anion in the copolymer; reacting the copolymer having the salt having structural specific anion therein with the suitable functional agent to produce a reaction product containing the solubilized salt having structural charge specific anion therein on the conductive substrate, the diisocyanate reaction product being a polyurethane, the dibasic acid reaction product being an elastomeric ester, and the difunctional epoxy reaction product being an epoxy reaction product.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
166 words
A method of increasing the electrical life of a biasable transfer member having at least one coating of an elastomeric material, the elastomeric material being the reaction product of a butadiene/nitrile-containing copolymer and a suitable functional agent selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a dibasic acid and a difunctional epoxy, upon a conductive substrate for supporting a uniform bias potential thereon, comprising incorporating varying concentrations of a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, said salt having a structural charge specific anion in the copolymer; dissolving the salt having structural charge specific anion in the copolymer; reacting the copolymer having the salt having structural specific anion therein with the suitable functional agent to produce a reaction product containing the solubilized salt having structural charge specific anion therein on the conductive substrate, the diisocyanate reaction product being a polyurethane, the dibasic acid reaction product being an elastomeric ester, and the difunctional epoxy reaction product being an epoxy reaction product.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the nitrile-containing portion of the copolymer is acrylonitrile.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the amount of salt having structural charge specific anion is increased from about 0.01 weight percent up to that amount of salt which can be solubilized in the reaction product.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the structural charge specific anion is selected from the group consisting of perchlorate, nitrile, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite, benzoate, and acetate.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the electrical life of the reaction product is increased by incorporating increasing concentrations of salt having a structural charge specific anion in the copolymer.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3959573A
Cited
US3959574A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-12-12 | 1981-06-13 | 1981-12-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-12-12 | 1985-06-13 | 1985-12-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-12-12 | 1989-06-13 | 1989-12-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |