US4060478A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Coal liquefaction bottoms conversion by coking and gasification
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Filing: 1976-09-30
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Granted: 1977-11-29
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Expires: 1996-09-30
Abstract
Abstract Heavy bottoms produced by the liquefaction of coal or similar carbonaceous solids are converted into more valuable products by adding an alkaline earth metal compound to the bottoms in a concentration sufficient to give, following pyrolysis of the bottoms, an alkaline earth metal-to-carbon atomic ratio of from about 0.005:1 to about 0.1:1; pyrolyzing the bottoms at a temperature of from about 900 DEG to about 1600 DEG F. to produce gases, hydrocarbon liquids and coke or char containing added alkaline earth metal constituents; and thereafter gasifying the char with steam.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert J. Lang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 04:16
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10B; C10B55/00; C10B55/02; C10B55/04; C10B55/08; C10B55/10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/002; C10J; C10J3/00; C10J3/46; C10J3/48; C10J3/482; C10J3/54; C10J3/72; C10J3/721; C10J3/723; C10J3/78; C10J2300/00; C10J2300/09; C10J2300/0903; C10J2300/0909; C10J2300/0913; C10J2300/093; C10J2300/0946; C10J2300/0953; C10J2300/0956; C10J2300/0959; C10J2300/0973; C10J2300/0976; C10J2300/0983; C10J2300/0996; C10J2300/16; C10J2300/1603; C10J2300/1606; C10J2300/18; C10J2300/1807; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/50; Y02P20/52
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
50 words
A process for upgrading heavy bottoms produced by the liquefaction of coal or similar carbonaceous solids which comprises pyrolyzing said bottoms in the presence of an added alkaline earth metal compound to produce coke containing added alkaline earth metal constituents and thereafter gasifying said coke in the presence of steam.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process for upgrading heavy bottoms produced by the liquefaction of coal or similar carbonaceous solids which comprises pyrolyzing said bottoms in the presence of an added alkaline earth metal compound to produce coke containing added alkaline earth metal constituents and thereafter gasifying said coke in the presence of steam.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound comprises a calcium compound.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said liquefaction bottoms is a 1000° F.+ bottoms product produced by the hydrogen donor solvent liquefaction of coal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said coke is pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed coking unit at a temperature between about 900° F. and about 1600° F.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is added to said heavy bottoms in a concentration sufficient to provide, following said pyrolysis of said bottoms, an alkaline earth metal-to-carbon atomic ratio of about 0.005:1 to about 0.1:1.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound comprises calcium hydroxide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound comprises a barium compound.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound comprises a strontium compound.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is added to said bottoms in a concentration between about 1% and about 30% by weight.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as defined by claim 1 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is an alkaline earth metal soap.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
113 words
An improved coal liquefaction process which comprises contacting feed coal with gaseous hydrogen and a hydrogen-donor solvent under coal liquefaction conditions in a coal liquefaction zone; withdrawing a liquefaction product including constituents boiling in excess of about 1000° F. from said liquefaction zone; recovering a heavy liquefaction bottoms fraction containing said constituents boiling above about 1000° F. from said liquefaction product; adding an alkaline earth metal compound to said bottoms fraction in a concentration sufficient to provide, following the pyrolysis of said bottoms fraction, an alkaline earth metal-to-carbon atomic ratio between about 0.005:1 and about 0.1:1, pyrolyzing said bottoms fraction and recovering coke; and thereafter gasifying said coke in the presence of steam.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
113 words
An improved coal liquefaction process which comprises contacting feed coal with gaseous hydrogen and a hydrogen-donor solvent under coal liquefaction conditions in a coal liquefaction zone; withdrawing a liquefaction product including constituents boiling in excess of about 1000° F. from said liquefaction zone; recovering a heavy liquefaction bottoms fraction containing said constituents boiling above about 1000° F. from said liquefaction product; adding an alkaline earth metal compound to said bottoms fraction in a concentration sufficient to provide, following the pyrolysis of said bottoms fraction, an alkaline earth metal-to-carbon atomic ratio between about 0.005:1 and about 0.1:1, pyrolyzing said bottoms fraction and recovering coke; and thereafter gasifying said coke in the presence of steam.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is a calcium salt.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is added to said bottoms fraction in a concentration sufficient to provide, following the pyrolysis of said bottoms fraction, an alkaline earth metal-to-carbon atomic ratio of from about 0.01:1 to about 0.06:1.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is a calcium soap.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound comprises calcium hydroxide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said bottoms fraction is pyrolyzed in a fluid coking unit at a temperature between about 900° F. and about 1600° F.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is a barium compound.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is a strontium compound.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as defined by claim 11 wherein said alkaline earth metal compound is added to said bottoms fraction in an organic solvent.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-11-28 | 1981-05-30 | 1981-11-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-11-28 | 1985-05-30 | 1985-11-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-11-28 | 1989-05-30 | 1989-11-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |