Method of converting the electromagnetic spectrum carrier frequency and an electromagnetic energy receiver for same

Claim 2

In a method of converting the carrier frequency of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum in an electromagnetic energy receiver including a converter, the steps of: transmitting to the input of said converter incoming electromagnetic waves and conveying from the output thereof converted electromagnetic waves, having the incoming electromagnetic waves act on at least one semiconductor element in said converter with the electromagnetic characteristics thereof depending on the intensity, polarization and frequency of the field associated with said incoming electromagnetic waves, effecting auxiliary power modulation of said incoming electromagnetic waves, and subjecting the frequency spectrum, polarization and intensity of the field set up by said incoming electromagnetic waves to said auxiliary power modulation, to establish the magnitudes and directions of the magnetic or electric moments, and the conductance and impedance of said semiconductor element such that said carrier frequency of each region in the spectrum of the converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the frequency of said auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves being converted.

Claim 3

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein a constant field is set up in said converter, the magnitude and direction of the intensity vector of this constant field determining additionally the magnitude and directions of the magnetic and/or electric moments, and said conductance and impedance of said semiconductor element.

Claim 4

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein a constant magnetic and constant electric field is set up in said converter, the magnitude and the intensity vector of these constant fields determining additionally the magnitudes and directions of the magnetic and electric moments, and the conductance and impedance of said semiconductor element.

Claim 5

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary power modulation of incoming electromagnetic waves is provided by additionally creating auxiliary electromagnetic waves; the frequency, polarization and intensity of said field associated with the auxiliary electromagnetic waves additionally determining the magnitude and direction of the magnetic or electric moments, and the conductance and impedance, of at least one said semiconductor element of said converter, due to which said carrier frequency of each spectral region of said converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the carrier frequency of said auxiliary electromagnetic waves determining the frequency of said auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves being converted.

Claim 6

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary power modulation of said incoming electromagnetic waves is provided by additionally setting up auxiliary electromagnetic waves; the frequency, polarization and intensity of the field induced by said auxiliary electromagnetic waves additionally determining the magnitude and direction of the magnetic and electric moments, and the conductance and impedance of at least one said semiconductor element of said converter, due to which said carrier frequency of each spectral region of said converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the carrier frequency of said auxiliary electromagnetic waves determining the frequency of said auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves being converted.

Claim 7

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said semiconductor element of said converter is placed in a constant field, the magnitude and direction of the intensity vector of this constant field additionally determining the magnitudes and directions of the magnetic and electric moments, and said conductance and impedance of said semiconductor element.

Claim 8

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein in the case of conversion of electromagnetic waves with a carrier frequency periodically changing with time, said auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves is provided by using the resonance performance of the resistive and reactive components of the impedance of said converter and also by using said periodic time variations of the carrier frequency of said incoming electromagnetic waves, due to which said carrier frequency of each region in the converted electromagnetic wave spectrum becomes a multiple of the frequency at which the carrier frequency of said incoming electromagnetic waves periodically changes with time and which determines said frequency of the auxiliary power modulation of the same electromagnetic waves to be converted.

Claim 9

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary power modulation of said incoming electromagnetic waves is provided by additionally creating auxiliary electromagnetic waves; the amplitude, frequency and polarization of said auxiliary electromagnetic waves are adjusted so as to obtain a periodic time change of the difference between said resonance frequency of tuning the impedance of said converter and said carrier frequency of said incoming electromagnetic waves periodically varying with time, due to which the carrier frequency of each spectral region of said converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the frequency at which changes the difference between said resonance frequency of the impedance of said converter and the carrier frequency of said incoming electromagnetic waves periodically varying with time, whereas said difference determines said frequency of auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves being converted.

Claim 10

A method as defined in claim 4, wherein in the low-frequency, high-frequency and superhigh-frequency bands of said incoming electromagnetic waves said semiconductor element is employed in a mode which secures linear relationship between said magnitude of the resistive or reactive component of its impedance versus the field of said auxiliary electromagnetic waves acting upon this element, while the polarization, frequency and intensity of the field associated with these auxiliary electromagnetic waves are determined as functions of said linear relationship limits.

Claim 11

A method as defined in claim 1, wherein for the microwave frequency band of said incoming electromagnetic waves, a ferrite in the state of ferromagnetic resonance is employed as said semiconductor element.

Claim 12

An electromagnetic energy receiver, comprising: an input device with a waveguide-feeder system, input circuits connected to said waveguide-feeder system; a frequency-selective amplifier connected to said input circuits; at least one converter with an input resonant system connected to said frequency-selective amplifier and containing at least one semiconductor element, a spatial detection system coupled with said input resonant system; an output resonant system coupled with said spatial detection system, means for effecting auxiliary power modulation of incoming electromagnetic waves received by said converter to establish magnitude and direction of magnetic and electric moments and the conductance and impedance of said semi-conductor element such that the carrier frequency of each region in the spectrum of the converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the frequency of the auxiliary power modulation of the incoming electromagnetic waves, said spatial detection system being constructed to effect detection in space of electromagnetic waves between said input resonant system and said output resonant system and establishing the time dependence of the magnitude of electromagnetic energy transmitted by said input resonant system externally thereof, an output device connected to said output resonant system and having an intermediatefield associated with said incoming electromagnetic waves, effecting auxiliary power modulation of said incoming electromagnetic waves, and subjecting the frequency spectrum, polarization and intensity of the field set up by said incoming electromagnetic waves to said auxiliary power modulation, to establish the magnitudes and directions of the magnetic or electric moments, and the conductance and impedance of said semiconductor element such that said carrier frequency of each region in the spectrum of the converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the frequency of said auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves being converted.

Claim 13

An electromagnetic energy receiver, comprising: an input device with a waveguide-feeder system, input circuits connected to said waveguide-feeder system; a frequency-selective amplifier connected to said input circuits; at least one converter with an input resonant system connected to said frequency-selective amplifier and containing at least one semiconductor element, a spatial detection system coupled with said input resonant system; an output resonant system coupled with said spatial detection system, means for effecting auxiliary power modulation of incoming electromagnetic waves received by said converter to establish magnitude and direction of magnetic and electric moments and the conductance and impedance of said semi-conductor element such that the carrier frequency of each region in the spectrum of the converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the frequency of the auxiliary power modulation of the incoming electromagnetic waves, said spatial detection system being constructed to effect detection in space of electromagnetic waves between said input resonant system and said output resonant system and establishing the time dependence of the magnitude of electromagnetic energy transmitted by said input resonant system externally thereof, an output device connected to said output resonant system and having an intermediatefield associated with said incoming electromagnetic waves, effecting auxiliary power modulation of said incoming electromagnetic waves, and subjecting the frequency spectrum, polarization and intensity of the field set up by said incoming electromagnetic waves to said auxiliary power modulation, to establish the magnitudes and directions of the magnetic or electric moments, and the conductance and impedance of said semiconductor element such that said carrier frequency of each region in the spectrum of the converted electromagnetic waves becomes a multiple of the frequency of said auxiliary power modulation of said electromagnetic waves being converted.

Claim 14

A receiver as defined in claim 11, wherein said converter comprises a source of constant magnetic or constant electric field in which said at least one said semiconductor element of said input resonant system is placed.

Claim 15

A receiver as defined in claim 11, wherein said converter comprises a source of constant magnetic and constant electric field in which said at least one said semiconductor element of said input resonant system is placed.

Claim 16

A receiver as defined in claim 11, wherein said means for effecting auxiliary power modulation comprises: a local oscillator generating auxiliary electromagnetic waves with a time-constant carrier frequency; said input resonant system having an auxiliary input to which said local oscillator is connected, the magnitude and direction of the magnetic or electric moments, conductance and impedance of said at least one said semiconductor element of said input resonant system being additionally determined by the frequency, polarization and intensity of the electromagnetic set up by said auxiliary electromagnetic waves generated by said local oscillator; said output resonant system of said converter being tuned to a constant natural frequency which is a multiple of the carrier frequency of said auxiliary electromagnetic waves generated by said local oscillator.

Claim 17

A receiver as defined in claim 12, comprising a means for varying the magnitude of said constant magnetic or said constant electric field, wherein the change in the resonance frequency of said input resonant system containing said semiconductor element situated in said constant magnetic or constant electric field is additionally determined by a change in the intensity of said constant magnetic or constant electric field.

Claim 18

A receiver as defined in claim 13, comprising a means for varying the magnitude of said constant magnetic and said constant electric field, wherein the change in the resonance frequency of said input resonance system containing said semiconductor element situated in said constant magnetic and constant electric field is additionally determined by a change in the intensity of said constant magnetic and constant electric field.

Claim 19

A receiver as defined in claim 11, comprising: an additional generator producing additional electromagnetic waves with the frequency thereof being equal to the frequency with which said carrier frequency of said incoming electromagnetic waves being converted is changing; said output resonant system of said converter having a local semiconductor element and an additional input connecting said additional generator, the frequency at which the resonance frequency of said output resonant system changes with time being equivalent to the frequency of said additional electromagnetic waves.

Claim 20

A receiver as defined in claim 11, comprising means for creating constant magnetic or constant electric fields; said auxiliary power modulation means comprising a local oscillator generating auxiliary electromagnetic waves with a time-constant carrier frequency; said input resonant system including; an auxiliary input to which said local oscillator is connected, said semiconductor element being in the form of a ferrite in the state of ferromagnetic resonance; said input resonant circuit containing a conductor with one of its sections located in the immediate vicinity of said semiconductor element; a tuned LC-circuit to which the leads of said conductor are connected, the terminals of said capacitor C serving as said auxiliary input of said input resonant system; a waveguide; said output resonant sustem of said converter conprising an output resonant circuit with another conductor disposed in the immediate vicinity of said semiconductor element of said input resonant system; another tuned LC-circuit connected to the leads of said other conductor; an additional filter connected to the terminals of said capacitor C; said spatial detection system of said converter incorporating said semiconductor element of said input resonant system and a section of said conductor of said output resonant system located in the immediate vicinity of said semiconductor element.

Claim 21

A receiver as defined in claim 11, wherein said input resonant system of said converter comprises; a distributed-parameter circuit; said output resonant system of said converter including another distributed-parameter circuit; said at least one semiconductor element being included in said input resonant system being and a section of said other distributed-parameter circuit of said output resonant system disposed in the immediate vicinity of this semiconductor element.

Claim 22

A receiver as defined in claim 19, wherein said distributed-parameter circuit of said input resonant system of said converter is made in the form of a cavity resonator.

Claim 23

A receiver as defined in claim 19, wherein said other distributed-parameter circuit of said output resonant system of said converter is another cavity resonator.

Claim 24

A receiver as defined in claim 19, wherein said other distributed-parameter circuit of said output resonant system of said converter is a short-circuited coaxial line.

Claim 25

A receiver as defined in claim 11, comprising: means for creating a constant magnetic or a constant electric field; said auxiliary power modulation means comprising a local oscillator generating said auxiliary electromagnetic waves with a time-constant carrier frequency; said converter in which said input resonant system with said auxiliary input ot which said local oscillator is connected and said spatial detection system being in the form of a common waveguide; a first partition and a second partition arranged one after another in said common waveauide and dividing the waveguide into a input portion, resonator and an output portion; coupling slots made in said partitions; said semiconductor element which is a ferrite operating in the ferromagnetic resonance mode, and disposed in said coupling slot of said first partition; a conductor located in the immediate proximity of said semiconductor element; a tuned LC-circuit disposed outside said common waveguide and connected to the leads of said conductor, the terminals of said capacitor C forming said auxiliary input of said input resonant system; another semiconductor element which is a varactor diode contained in said resonator; a tuned RC-circuit located outside said common waveguide, one terminal of this circuit being connected to the terminal of said other semiconductor element and the other terminal earthed; a variable resistor with one lead thereof connected to the junction point of said tuned RC-circuit and point of connection of the common junction of said tuned RC-circuit and said other semiconductor element; a source of constant electric field connected to the lead of said variable resistor; an additional semiconductor element which is a crystal detector disposed in said output protion of said waveguide, another tuned RC-circuit located outside the waveguide with one terminal thereof connected to the terminal of said additional semiconductor element and the other terminal earthed; another adjustable resistor one lead of which is connected to the junction of said other tuned RC-circuit and said other semiconductor element; another source of a constant electric field connected to the other lead of said adjustable resistor; a directional coupler connected to said output protion of the waveguide which directs the electromagnetic waves passing through the waveguide and reflected from said second partition to said additional semiconductor element; said output resonant system of said converter having another tuned LC-circuit connected via a capacitor to said additional semiconductor element.

Claim 26

A receiver as defined in claim 23, wherein said resonator of said input resonant system and of said spatial detection system of said converter comprises at least one capacitance probe inserted in its wall between said semiconductor element and said other semiconductor element.

Claim 27

A receiver as defined in claim 11, which comprises: means for creating a constant magnetic field or a constant electric field; said auxiliary power modulation means comprising a local oscillator generating auxiliary electromagnetic waves with a timeconstant carrier frequency; said converter in which said input resonant system having said auxiliary input to which said local oscillator is connected being an independent waveguide; a first partition provided with a coupling slot and installed in said independent waveguide; said semiconductor element which is a ferrite is the state of ferromagnetic resonance accommodated in said coupling slot of said first partition; a conductor disposed in the immediate proximity of said semiconductor element; a tuned LC-circuit located outside said common waveguide and connected to the leads of said conductor, the terminals of said capacitor C serving said auxiliary input of said input resonant system; another additional semiconductor element which is a crystal detector contained in said independent waveguide behind said semiconductor element; a local tuned RC-circuit disposed outside said independent waveguide with its common point connected to said other additional semiconductor element; said spatial detection system also comprises another independent waveguide and contains another independent waveguide and contains another semiconductor element in the form of a varactor diode disposed in said other independent waveguide; a tuned RC-circuit situated outside said other independent waveguide, one terminal of this circuit being connected to the terminal of said other semiconductor element and the other terminal earthed; an adjustable resistor with one lead thereof connected to the junction of the common point of said tuned RC-circuit with said other semiconductor element; a source of a constant electric field connected to the other lead of said adjustable resistor; an additional semiconductor element which is a crystal detector located in said other independent waveguide; another tuned RC-circuit situated outside this waveguide with one terminal of this circuit connected to the terminal of said additional semiconductor element and the other terminal earthed; another adjustable resistor with one lead thereof connected to the junction of the common point of said tuned RC-circuit with said other semiconductor element; another source of a constant electric field connected to the other lead of said other adjustable resistor; a second partition having a coupling slot and accommodated in said other independent waveguide between said other semiconductor element and said additional semiconductor element; a directional coupler connected to said other independent waveguide between said second partition and said additional semiconductor element so that the electromagnetic energy propagating through the directional coupler and reflected from said second partition is directed to said additional semiconductor element; said output resonant system of said converter having another tuned CL-circuit connected through a capacitor to said additional semiconductor element.