US4058407A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Hydraulic cement mixes and process for improving hydraulic cement mixes
Assignee: Sandoz AG
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Filing: 1976-12-01
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Granted: 1977-11-15
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Expires: 1996-12-01
Abstract
Abstract A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, such as Portland type or high alumina cement, aggregate, sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of the cement, and an additive comprising the fruit of the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, wherein the additive is present in an amount sufficient to increase the compressive strength of the mix when hardened. The additive may take many forms, but is preferably selected from the group comprising raw or roasted, carob pods or beans, extracts of the pods or beans, or combinations thereof and is present in an amount of up to about 0.25% based upon the weight of the cement, preferably between about 0.1% by weight and 0.1% by weight based upon the weight of the cement, with between 0.01% by weight and 0.05% by weight based upon the weight of the cement being an additional preferred range.
Inventors
- 👤 James A. Ray
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 12:07
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B24/00; C04B24/24; C04B24/38
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
75 words
A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, aggregate, sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of the cement, and an additive comprising pods, with or without the beans, of the carob tree, Ceratonia Siliqua, extracts of said pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, said additive being present in an amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement to thereby increase the strength of the mix when hardened.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
75 words
A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, aggregate, sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of the cement, and an additive comprising pods, with or without the beans, of the carob tree, Ceratonia Siliqua, extracts of said pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, said additive being present in an amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement to thereby increase the strength of the mix when hardened.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said additive is present in an amount of between about 0.01% by weight and 0.1% by weight based upon the weight of the cement.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
34 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said additive is present in an amount of between about 0.01% by weight and 0.05% by weight based upon the weight of the cement.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
61 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said extracts are selected from the group consisting of aqueous extracts and are made by mixing an aqueous solvent, selected from the group consisting of water, acids and bases, and raw or roasted carob pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, and separating the insoluble residue from the aqueous extract.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hydraulic cement comprises Portland type cement.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said aggregate comprises sand and said cement mix comprises a mortar mix.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said aggregate comprises sand and crushed stone or gravel and said cement mix comprises a concrete mix.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hydraulic cement comprises a high alumina cement.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
88 words
A process for increasing the strength of hydraulic cement mixes comprising incorporating in a hydraulic cement mix, including a hydraulic cement, aggregate and sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of said cement, an additive comprising pods, with or without the beans, of the carob tree, Ceratonia Siliqua, extracts of said pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, and being present in an amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement to thereby increase the strength of the mix when hardened.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
88 words
A process for increasing the strength of hydraulic cement mixes comprising incorporating in a hydraulic cement mix, including a hydraulic cement, aggregate and sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of said cement, an additive comprising pods, with or without the beans, of the carob tree, Ceratonia Siliqua, extracts of said pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, and being present in an amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement to thereby increase the strength of the mix when hardened.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said additive is present in an amount of between about 0.01% by weight and 0.1% by weight based upon the weight of the cement.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said additive is present in an amount of between 0.01% by weight and 0.05% by weight based upon the weight of the cement.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
59 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said extracts are selected from the group consisting of aqueous extracts and are made by mixing an aqueous solvent, selected from the group consisting of water, acids and bases, and raw or roasted carob pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, and separating the insoluble residue from the aqueous extract.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said hydraulic cement comprises Portland type cement.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said aggregate comprises sand and said cement mix comprises a mortar mix.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said aggregate comprises sand and crushed stone or gravel and said cement mix comprises a concrete mix.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said hydraulic cement comprises a high alumina cement.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
91 words
A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, aggregate in an amount within the range of 0% to about 80% by weight based upon the total weight of the dry cement and aggregate, and an additive comprising pods, with or without the beans, of the carob tree, Ceratonia Siliqua, extracts of said pods, with or without the beans, or combinations thereof, said additive being present in an amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement to thereby increase the strength of the mix when hardened.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
91 words
A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, aggregate in an amount within the range of 0% to about 80% by weight based upon the total weight of the dry cement and aggregate, and an additive comprising pods, with or without the beans, of the carob tree, Ceratonia Siliqua, extracts of said pods, with or without the beans, or combinations thereof, said additive being present in an amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement to thereby increase the strength of the mix when hardened.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 17 wherein said additive is present in an amount of between about 0.01% by weight and 0.1% by weight based upon the weight of the cement.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 17 wherein said additive is present in an amount of between about 0.01% by weight and 0.05% by weight based upon the weight of the cement.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
61 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 31 wherein said extracts are selected from the group consisting of aqueous extracts and are made by mixing an aqueous solvent, selected from the group consisting of water, acids and bases, and raw or roasted carob pods, with or without beans, or combinations thereof, and separating the insoluble residue from the aqueous extract.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 17 wherein said hydraulic cement comprises Portland type cement.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 17 wherein said hydraulic cement comprises a high alumina cement.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
23 words
A hydraulic cement mix as claimed in claim 17 wherein there is further included sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of the cement.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-11-14 | 1981-05-16 | 1981-11-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-11-14 | 1985-05-16 | 1985-11-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-11-14 | 1989-05-16 | 1989-11-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |