US4057016A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for electrostatic printing and apparatus therefor
Assignee: Canon Inc
•
Filing: 1976-05-12
•
Granted: 1977-11-08
•
Expires: 1996-05-12
Abstract
Abstract Electrostatic printing is conducted by using an electrostatic printing master composed of an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and conductive silver images carried in the insulating medium and heating the electrostatic printing master.
Inventors
- 👤 Ichiro Endo
- 👤 Hajime Kobayashi
- 👤 Nobuhiro Takekawa
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 11:35
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G13/00; G03G13/22; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S101/00; Y10S101/37
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 96
Claim 1
Independent Claim
133 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, developing said latent image to form a visible image, and transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
133 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, developing said latent image to form a visible image, and transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 17, including repeating said steps of forming, developing and transferring.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, including the step of cleaning said master after said transferring step.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, including the step of fixing the transferred image.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
66 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 13 ohm-cm, wherein the specific resistance of the non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion is greater than the specific resistance of said image portion by at least 10 2 ohm-cm.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, wherein the thickness of said layer is from 1 to 50 microns.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 1, wherein said silver image is formed from a silver salt compound capable of forming isolated silver.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 10, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 10, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 10, wherein said silver salt is an organic silver salt.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 13, wherein said silver image is formed from said organic silver salt by conducting at least the steps of imagewise exposure and heat-developing.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 14, wherein said layer comprises an insulating medium, an organic silver salt, a halide and a reducing agent.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
131 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the repeated steps of developing an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, to thereby form a visible image, and transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
131 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the repeated steps of developing an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, to thereby form a visible image, and transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, including the step of fixing the transferred image.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
66 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 13 ohm-cm, wherein the specific resistance of the non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion is greater than the specific resistance of said image portion by at least 10 2 ohm-cm.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, wherein the thickness of said layer is from 1 to 50 microns.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 16, wherein said silver image is formed from a silver salt compound capable of forming isolated silver.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 23, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 23, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 23, wherein said silver salt is an organic silver salt.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 26, wherein said silver image is formed from said organic silver salt by conducting at least the steps of imagewise exposure and heat-developing.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 27, wherein said layer comprises an insulating medium, an organic silver salt, a halide and a reducing agent.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
140 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the repeated steps of developing an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, to thereby form a visible image, transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, and then cleaning the electrostatic printing master after said transfer, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
140 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the repeated steps of developing an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, to thereby form a visible image, transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, and then cleaning the electrostatic printing master after said transfer, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, including the step of fixing the transferred image.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, wherein said heating step is conducted at a temperature of from 40 ° to 120° C.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
67 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 13 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of the non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 10 ohm-cm and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion is greater than the specific resistance of said image portion by at least 10 2 ohm-cm.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, wherein the thickness of said layer is from 1 to 50 microns.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 29, wherein said silver image is formed from a silver salt compound capable of forming isolated silver.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 36, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 36, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 36, wherein said silver salt is an organic silver salt.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 39, wherein said silver image is formed from said organic silver salt by conducting at least the steps of imagewise exposure and heat-developing.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrostatic printing proces of claim 40, wherein said layer comprises an insulating medium, an organic silver salt, a halide and a reducing agent.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
120 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the repeated steps of transferring a developed visible image formed on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, onto a support therefor, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undeisred fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
120 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the repeated steps of transferring a developed visible image formed on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, onto a support therefor, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undeisred fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, including fixing the transferred image.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said visible image being developed.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
66 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 13 ohm-cm, wherein the specific resistance of the non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion is greater than the specific resistance of said image portion by at least 10 2 phm-cm.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, wherein the thickness of said layer is from 1 to 50 microns.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 42, wherein said silver image is formed from a silver salt compound capable of forming isolated silver.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 49, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 49, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 49, wherein said silver salt is an organic silver salt.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 52, wherein said silver image is formed from said organic silver salt by conduting at least the steps of imagewise exposure and heat-developing.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 53, wherein said layer comprises an insulating medium, an organic silver salt, a halide and a reducing agent.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
139 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, transferring said electrostatic latent image onto a support therefor, and then developing the transferred electrostatic latent image on said support to form a visible image, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
139 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, transferring said electrostatic latent image onto a support therefor, and then developing the transferred electrostatic latent image on said support to form a visible image, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, including the step of cleaning said master after said transferring step.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, including the step of fixing the transferred image.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
52 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein said support comprises an electrically-insulating material and wherein said transferring step is conducted by placing said support in close face-to-face relationship with the master bearing the latent image and applying an electric field thereto to form a second electrostatic latent image on said support.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
47 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein said transferring step comprises arranging said support in a face-to-face relationship to said master and short-circuiting the back surface of said support and the back surface of said master to form a second electrostatic latent image on said support.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein said heating step is conducted prior to said transferring step.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
21 words
The elecrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
66 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 13 ohm-cm, wherein the specific resistance of the non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion is greater than the specific resistance of said image portion by at least 10 2 ohm-cm.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein the thickness of said layer is from 1 to 50 microns.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 55, wherein said silver image is formed from a silver salt compound capable of forming isolated silver.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 65, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 65, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 65, wherein said silver salt is an organic silver salt.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 68, wherein said silver image is formed from said organic silver salt by conducting at least the steps of imagewise exposure and heat-developing.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 69, wherein said layer comprises an insulating medium, an organic silver salt, a halide and a reducing agent.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
147 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaed electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, transferring the electrostatic latent image onto a support therefor, developing the transferred electrostatic latent image on said support to form a visible image, and then transferring the developed visible image onto another support, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
147 words
In an electrostatic printing process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaed electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, transferring the electrostatic latent image onto a support therefor, developing the transferred electrostatic latent image on said support to form a visible image, and then transferring the developed visible image onto another support, the improvement comprising enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of said developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, including the step of cleaning said master after said transferring step.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, including fixing the transferred developed visible image.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, wherein said heating is conducted prior to transferring said latent image.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
66 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 13 ohm-cm, wherein the specific resistance of the non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion is greater than the specific resistance of said image portion by at least 10 2 ohm-cm.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, wherein the specific resistance of the image portion of said layer is less than 10 10 ohm-cm, and wherein the specific resistance of said non-image portion of said layer is greater than 10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, wherein the thickness of said layer is from 1 to 50 microns.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 71, wherein said silver image is formed from a silver salt compound capable of forming isolated silver.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 79, wherein said heating is conducted prior to said developing step.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 79, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 79, wherein said silver salt is an organic silver salt.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 82, wherein said silver image is formed from said organic silver salt by conducting at least the steps of imagewise exposure and heat-developing.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrostatic printing process of claim 83, wherein said layer comprises an insulating medium, an organic silver salt, a halide and a reducing agent.
Claim 91
Independent Claim
137 words
An apparatus for electrostatic printing which comprises means for forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, means for developing said latent image to form a visible image, means for transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, and means for heating and enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of the developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 92
Independent Claim
137 words
An apparatus for electrostatic printing which comprises means for forming an electrostatic latent image on a smooth-surfaced electrostatic printing master, stable towards exposure to light or maintenance in the dark, having a layer which comprises an insulating medium having an electric resistance sufficient to retain an electrostatic charge and a conductive silver image in said insulating medium, means for developing said latent image to form a visible image, means for transferring the developed visible image onto a support therefor, and means for heating and enhancing the electrical conductivity of said silver image by heating said master at least once during said printing process sufficient to reduce the tendency of the developer to adhere thereto and create undesired fog, whereby said enhanced conductivity is imparted to said silver image portion through at least about 10 cycles of printing.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
23 words
the apparatus of claim 85, wherein said heating means is capable of heating said master prior to said development of the latent image.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 85, wherein said heating means is capable of heating said master to a temperature of from 40° to 120° C.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 85, including means to clean said master after said transferring.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 85, including means for fixing the transferred image.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-11-07 | 1981-05-09 | 1981-11-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-11-07 | 1985-05-09 | 1985-11-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-11-07 | 1989-05-09 | 1989-11-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |