US4055449A
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Aqueous blasting composition with crystal habit modifier
Assignee: Ireco Inc
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Filing: 1976-08-11
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Granted: 1977-10-25
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Expires: 1996-08-11
Abstract
Abstract The stabilization of a fine dispersion of an immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel throughout an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase is accomplished by the use of a crystal habit modifier to reduce the crystal size of the oxidizer salt in the composition. Such reduction is found to be critical for stabilizing the fine dispersion of immiscible hydrocarbon fuel droplets throughout the composition and resultantly for maintaining the sensitivity of the composition to detonation.
Inventors
- 👤 Daniel A. Wasson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 08:48
CPC Classifications
C; C06; C06B; C06B47/00; C06B47/14; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S149/00; Y10S149/11; Y10S149/112
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
100 words
In an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase and comprising inorganic oxidizer salt, liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and thickener; the improvement which comprises (a) an immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely dispersed throughout the aqueous phase, and (b) a crystal habit modifier to reduce the crystal size of the oxidizer salt and thereby stabilize the fine dispersion of the immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel throughout the composition.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
100 words
In an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase and comprising inorganic oxidizer salt, liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and thickener; the improvement which comprises (a) an immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely dispersed throughout the aqueous phase, and (b) a crystal habit modifier to reduce the crystal size of the oxidizer salt and thereby stabilize the fine dispersion of the immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel throughout the composition.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the crystal habit modifier is present in amounts of from about 0.05% to about 3% by weight.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composition as defined by claim 2 wherein the crystal habit modifier is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composition as defined by claim 3 wherein the crystal habit modifier is sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composition as defined by claim 4 wherein the immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel is No. 2 fuel oil.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
46 words
A composition as defined by claim 2 comprising inorganic oxidizer salt selected from the group which consists of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate or mixtures thereof, from about 10 to about 30% by weight water, and from about 2 to about 8% No. 2 fuel oil.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A composition as defined by claim 6 wherein the oxidizer salt is ammonium nitrate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
Claim as defined by claim 7 wherein at least part of the ammonium nitrate is in ground form.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
An aqueous blasting composition comprising ammonium nitrate, from about 10 to about 30% water, from about 3 to about 7% fuel oil, thickener, and from about 0.05% to about 3% sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate as a crystal habit modifier.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
An aqueous blasting composition comprising ammonium nitrate, from about 10 to about 30% water, from about 3 to about 7% fuel oil, thickener, and from about 0.05% to about 3% sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate as a crystal habit modifier.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
106 words
A method of sensitizing an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase; oxidizer salt at least partially dissolved in the aqueous phase; thickener; and immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely and stably dispersed throughout the aqueous phase; which method includes the steps of adding to the aqueous phase, at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of the oxidizer salt in the phase, a crystal habit modifier and allowing the composition to cool.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
106 words
A method of sensitizing an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase; oxidizer salt at least partially dissolved in the aqueous phase; thickener; and immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely and stably dispersed throughout the aqueous phase; which method includes the steps of adding to the aqueous phase, at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of the oxidizer salt in the phase, a crystal habit modifier and allowing the composition to cool.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as defined by claim 10 wherein the crystal habit modifier is added in amount of from about 0.05 by weight to about 3%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined by claim 11 wherein the crystal habit modifier is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined by claim 12 wherein the crystal habit modifier is sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as defined by claim 10 which includes the additional step of adding to the aqueous phase ground ammonium nitrate as part of the total oxidizer salt.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
128 words
A method of sensitizing an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase; oxidizer salt at least partially dissolved in the aqueous phase; thickener and immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely and stably dispersed throughout the aqueous phase; which method comprises the steps of: a. formulating a solution of oxidizer salt in water at a temperature above the salt crystallization temperature, b. adding thickener, c. adding a crystal habit modifier to the solution at the elevated temperature, d. dispersing the immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel throughout the solution, and e. allowing the resultant composition to cool.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
128 words
A method of sensitizing an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase; oxidizer salt at least partially dissolved in the aqueous phase; thickener and immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely and stably dispersed throughout the aqueous phase; which method comprises the steps of: a. formulating a solution of oxidizer salt in water at a temperature above the salt crystallization temperature, b. adding thickener, c. adding a crystal habit modifier to the solution at the elevated temperature, d. dispersing the immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel throughout the solution, and e. allowing the resultant composition to cool.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as defined by claim 15 wherein the crystal habit modifier is added in amount of from about 0.05% to about 3.0% by weight.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined by claim 16 wherein the crystal habit modifier is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined by claim 17 wherein the crystal habit modifier is sodium methylnapththalene sulfonate.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as defined by claim 15 which comprises the additional step of adding to the solution ammonium nitrate as part of the total oxidizer step.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
119 words
A method of sensitizing an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase; oxidizer salt at least partially dissolved in the aqueous phase; thickener and immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely and stably dispersed throughout the aqueous phase; which method comprises the steps of: a. formulating a solution of crystal habit modifier and oxidizer salt in water added at a temperature above the salt crystallization temperature, b. adding thickener, c. dispersing the immiscible hydrocarbon fuel throughout the solution, and d. allowing the resultant composition to cool.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
119 words
A method of sensitizing an aqueous blasting composition having a continuous aqueous phase; oxidizer salt at least partially dissolved in the aqueous phase; thickener and immiscible liquid hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, tall oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuels and fuel oils, and mixtures of any two thereof, which fuel is finely and stably dispersed throughout the aqueous phase; which method comprises the steps of: a. formulating a solution of crystal habit modifier and oxidizer salt in water added at a temperature above the salt crystallization temperature, b. adding thickener, c. dispersing the immiscible hydrocarbon fuel throughout the solution, and d. allowing the resultant composition to cool.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3397097A
Cited
US3617404A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-10-24 | 1981-04-25 | 1981-10-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-10-24 | 1985-04-25 | 1985-10-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-10-24 | 1989-04-25 | 1989-10-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |