US4052131A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Paving stone
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1976-04-23
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Granted: 1977-10-04
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Expires: 1996-04-23
Abstract
Abstract A paving stone module in the form of a slab of substantially even thickness of a trapezoidal shape having substantially flat upper and lower surfaces, four side and end walls and a plurality of elongate apertures extending from the upper to the lower surface, the side and end walls being withdrawn inwardly toward the lower surface of the stone, the apertures being narrower at their upper ends adjacent the upper surface of the stone, and upper marginal portions of the side, end and aperture walls define projecting edges. Along two or more outer walls of the stone may be provided spacer shoulders having an abutment surface extending perpendicularly of the lower and upper surfaces of the stone.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul E. Lowrigkeit
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 15:25
CPC Classifications
E; E01; E01C; E01C9/00; E01C9/004; E02; E02B; E02B3/00; E02B3/04; E02B3/12; E02B3/14; E01C2201/00; E01C2201/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
293 words
A paving stone for stabilizing soils with natural plant growth, the paving stone comprising a slab of substantially even thickness and having substantially flat upper and lower surfaces, a pair of oppositely disposed side walls and a pair of oppositely disposed end walls, and a plurality of elongate apertures extending from the upper surface to the lower surface, the cross-section of the apertures increasing in size from the upper toward the lower surface, the side and end walls being withdrawn inwardly in downward direction toward the lower surface, said paving stone being characterized in that said slab including webs defined between adjacent apertures and the side and end walls each include an upper curved roof-type projecting edge, the walls of the apertures, as seen in cross-section, being arcuately bent inwardly toward their upper ends, and the side surfaces being curved outwardly toward their upper ends whereby the radius of curvature decreases toward the upper surface of the stone, one of said end walls is shorter than the other so that the body of the stone is of a substantially trapezoidal configuration, the end walls are parallel to each other and the elongate direction of the apertures extends parallel to the end walls so that when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of all stones on one side, and the longer end walls of all stones on the opposite side, the assembly of paving stones covers an arcuate area, and when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of the stones alternately disposed on one side and on the opposite side with respect to the longitudinal extension of the stone assembly, the paving stones cover a substantially straight-line area.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
293 words
A paving stone for stabilizing soils with natural plant growth, the paving stone comprising a slab of substantially even thickness and having substantially flat upper and lower surfaces, a pair of oppositely disposed side walls and a pair of oppositely disposed end walls, and a plurality of elongate apertures extending from the upper surface to the lower surface, the cross-section of the apertures increasing in size from the upper toward the lower surface, the side and end walls being withdrawn inwardly in downward direction toward the lower surface, said paving stone being characterized in that said slab including webs defined between adjacent apertures and the side and end walls each include an upper curved roof-type projecting edge, the walls of the apertures, as seen in cross-section, being arcuately bent inwardly toward their upper ends, and the side surfaces being curved outwardly toward their upper ends whereby the radius of curvature decreases toward the upper surface of the stone, one of said end walls is shorter than the other so that the body of the stone is of a substantially trapezoidal configuration, the end walls are parallel to each other and the elongate direction of the apertures extends parallel to the end walls so that when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of all stones on one side, and the longer end walls of all stones on the opposite side, the assembly of paving stones covers an arcuate area, and when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of the stones alternately disposed on one side and on the opposite side with respect to the longitudinal extension of the stone assembly, the paving stones cover a substantially straight-line area.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
75 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 1, wherein lower wall portions of the side and aperture walls each include an angle of substantially 90° with the lower surface of the stone, and upper wall portions of the side and aperture walls each are arcuately shaped, the upper wall portions of the side walls being curved outwardly, and the upper wall portions of the aperture walls being curved inwardly toward the center of the aperture.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 2, including a plurality of spacer shoulders each having an outer face wall extending perpendicularly of the main plane of the paving stone.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 3, wherein the spacer shoulders are arranged along the mutually inclined opposite side walls of the paving stone.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
50 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 4, wherein a first plurality of spacer shoulders is arranged along one of the inclined opposite side walls and a second plurality of spacer shoulders different from said first plurality of spacer shoulders is arranged along the other of the opposite side walls.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
41 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 5 wherein the spacer shoulder outer face walls extending perpendicularly of the main plane of the paving stone are parallel to the upper marginal portions of the side walls of the trapezoidal paving stone.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
272 words
A paving stone for stabilizing soils with natural plant growth, the paving stone comprising a slab of substantially even thickness and having substantially flat upper and lower surfaces, a pair of oppositely disposed side walls and a pair of oppositely disposed end walls, a plurality of elongate apertures extending from the upper surface to the lower surface, the cross-section of the apertures increasing in size from the upper toward the lower surface, the side and end walls being withdrawn inwardly in downward direction toward the lower surface, said slab including webs defined between adjacent apertures and the side and end walls each including an upper curved roof-type projecting edge, the end walls being parallel to each other and the apertures extending in the elongate direction parallel to the end walls, a first plurality of spacer shoulders arranged along one of the inclined opposite side walls and a second plurality of spacer shoulders arranged along the other of the opposite side walls, and one of said end walls being shorter than the other with the body of the stone being substantially trapezoidal so that when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of all stones on one side, and the longer end walls of all stones on the opposite side, the assembly of paving stones covers an arcuate area, and when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of the stones alternately disposed on one side and on the opposite side with respect to the longitudinal extension of the stone assembly, the paving stones cover a substantially straight-line area.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
272 words
A paving stone for stabilizing soils with natural plant growth, the paving stone comprising a slab of substantially even thickness and having substantially flat upper and lower surfaces, a pair of oppositely disposed side walls and a pair of oppositely disposed end walls, a plurality of elongate apertures extending from the upper surface to the lower surface, the cross-section of the apertures increasing in size from the upper toward the lower surface, the side and end walls being withdrawn inwardly in downward direction toward the lower surface, said slab including webs defined between adjacent apertures and the side and end walls each including an upper curved roof-type projecting edge, the end walls being parallel to each other and the apertures extending in the elongate direction parallel to the end walls, a first plurality of spacer shoulders arranged along one of the inclined opposite side walls and a second plurality of spacer shoulders arranged along the other of the opposite side walls, and one of said end walls being shorter than the other with the body of the stone being substantially trapezoidal so that when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of all stones on one side, and the longer end walls of all stones on the opposite side, the assembly of paving stones covers an arcuate area, and when arranging several paving stones side wall to side wall with the shorter end walls of the stones alternately disposed on one side and on the opposite side with respect to the longitudinal extension of the stone assembly, the paving stones cover a substantially straight-line area.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 7, wherein the apertures are of a reduced width in their central portions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
61 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 7, wherein the spacer shoulders, different numbers of which are arranged along opposite side walls of a paving stone, are arranged so that the spacer shoulders of one paving stone may engage the side wall of an adjoining paving stone in between the spacer shoulders thereof whereby the spacer shoulders likewise engage each other.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
42 words
A paving stone as defined in claim 7, wherein the side walls are of about twice the length of the longer end wall, and the longer end wall is about one and a half times as long as the shorter end wall.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
FR423828A
Cited
US1379440A
Cited
US1766561A
Cited
CH178939A
Cited
US2215159A
Cited
US2231780A
Cited
US2662343A
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Cited
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-10-03 | 1981-04-04 | 1981-10-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-10-03 | 1985-04-04 | 1985-10-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-10-03 | 1989-04-04 | 1989-10-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |