US4049464A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of producing low-carbon, white husk ash
Assignee: Refratechnik GmbH
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Filing: 1976-09-02
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Granted: 1977-09-20
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Expires: 1996-09-02
Abstract
Abstract Low carbon, white husk ash suitable for use in manufacturing building materials, more particularly refractory building materials are prepared by first removing volatile constituents by heating the husks, normally rice husks but alternatively, for example, wheat, oats or barley husks, to a first relatively low temperature below the ignition point of the husks. Fixed carbon is then oxidized in the presence of a reagent by heating the husks to a second temperature above the separation temperature but below the crystallization temperature of the SiO 2 in the husks, following by a heat treatment at a third temperature above the crystallization temperature of the SiO 2 , to produce a uniform SiO 2 crystal structure.
Inventors
- 👤 Alexander Tutsek
- 👤 Peter Bartha
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 03:55
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B18/00; C04B18/04; C04B18/06; C04B18/10; C04B18/101; Y; Y02; Y02W; Y02W30/00; Y02W30/50; Y02W30/91
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
208 words
In a method of producing low-carbon, white rice husk ash suitable for the production of building materials, and more particularly refractory building materials, in which method, for purposes of removing volatile constituents and for purposes of transforming the fixed carbon into a gaseous compound, the rice husks are heated to a temperature below the crystallization temperature of the SiO 2 of the rice husks, whereupon the resultant husk ash is heat-treated at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of the SiO 2 for the purposes of obtaining a uniform SiO 2 crystal structure, the improvement comprising: the first step of heating the rice husks to a first relatively low separation temperature within the range of from 200° to 450° C. in the absence of air, exclusively for separating the volatile constituents that are capable of after-burning; subsequently the second step of heating the rice husks free of volatile constituents to a gasification temperature in the range of from 450° to 550° C. while feeding an oxidizing agent thereto for transforming the fixed carbon into a gaseous phase prior to heat treatment; and the third step of subsequently heating the thus obtained rice husk ash to a heat treatment temperature in the range of from 700° to 800° C.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
208 words
In a method of producing low-carbon, white rice husk ash suitable for the production of building materials, and more particularly refractory building materials, in which method, for purposes of removing volatile constituents and for purposes of transforming the fixed carbon into a gaseous compound, the rice husks are heated to a temperature below the crystallization temperature of the SiO 2 of the rice husks, whereupon the resultant husk ash is heat-treated at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of the SiO 2 for the purposes of obtaining a uniform SiO 2 crystal structure, the improvement comprising: the first step of heating the rice husks to a first relatively low separation temperature within the range of from 200° to 450° C. in the absence of air, exclusively for separating the volatile constituents that are capable of after-burning; subsequently the second step of heating the rice husks free of volatile constituents to a gasification temperature in the range of from 450° to 550° C. while feeding an oxidizing agent thereto for transforming the fixed carbon into a gaseous phase prior to heat treatment; and the third step of subsequently heating the thus obtained rice husk ash to a heat treatment temperature in the range of from 700° to 800° C.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
90 words
The method of claim 1, in which the husks are first brought to a separation temperature of from 200° to 350° C. at a heating rate of from 10° to 40° C./min, from a feed temperature of less than 100° C., and are subsequently heated at the same rate and in the presence of the oxidizing agent to the gasification temperature in the range of from 450° to 550°C., after which the resulting husk ash is heated at the same rate to the treatment temperature between 700 to 800° C.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 2, in which the rate of heating is 25° C./min.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 1, in which the oxidizing agent supplied for oxidising the fixed carbon in the second process step is combustion-supporting air having an air coefficient of n = 4.0 to 6.0.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4, in which the oxidizing agent supplied is water-vapour.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1, in which HCl is added so as to inhibit the crystallization of SiO 2 in the gasification step.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1, in which husks are comminuted in order to increase the bulk weight thereof before heat-treatment.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-09-19 | 1981-03-21 | 1981-09-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-09-19 | 1985-03-21 | 1985-09-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-09-19 | 1989-03-21 | 1989-09-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |