Imaging system

Claim 2

A finely divided particulate toner composition consisting essentially of a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting polyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C., to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm - cm.), wherein the polyester contains within the polymer chain at least about 30 mole percent of at least one divalent radical selected from the group consisting of: a. an arylene radical represented by the formula: ##STR8## wherein [AR] is an arylene radical containing from 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, halo, sulfo and alkali metal salts thereof, nitro, cyano, lower alkoxy, amino, thio lower alkoxy and --N(R') p wherein each R' can be independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and p is an integer of 2 or 3, each m is independently a number from 0 to 1 and n is a number from 0 to 3, and b. an alkylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the structural formula: ##STR9## wherein R" is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each R"' is independently hydrogen or R", q is a number from 1 to about 10 and each r is independently a number from 0 to 1; and when the radical having no center of symmetry is at least about 30 mole percent of said arylene, the balance of the polyester is aromatic or aliphatic comonomer or both, and when the radical having no center of symmetry is at least about 30 mole percent of said alkylene, the balance of the polyester is at least about 20 mole percent aromatic comonomer, and additional aromatic comonomer or aliphatic comonomer or both.

Claim 3

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester contains within its chain the residuum of at least about 20 mole percent of an aromatic comonomer capable of polymerization to form a polyester.

Claim 4

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 suitable for use in oven or radiant fusing systems wherein the polyester exhibits a molecular weight below about 3000.

Claim 5

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 suitable for hot pressure roll fusing systems wherein the polyester exhibits a molecular weight between about 3000 and about 10,000.

Claim 6

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the colorant is carbon black.

Claim 7

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 containing from about 1% to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of toner, of a colorant.

Claim 8

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the toner exhibits an average particle diameter less than about 30 microns.

Claim 9

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation product of 1,2-propylene glycol and terephthalic acid.

Claim 10

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation product of hydroquinone di-β-hydroxyethyl ether and isophthalic acid.

Claim 11

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation product of ethylene glycol and isophthalic acid.

Claim 12

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation production of ethylene glycol and phthalic acid.

Claim 13

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation product of 1,2-propylene glycol, hydroquinone di-β-hydroxyethyl ether and terephthalic acid.

Claim 14

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation product of 1,2-propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.

Claim 15

A finely divided particulate toner composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the polyester is the condensation product of 1,2-propylene glycol, terephthalic acid and succinic acid.

Claim 16

A finely divided toner composition as defined in claim 1 additionally containing from about 5 to about 25 weight percent of a plasticizer.

Claim 17

A developer composition comprising a mixture of finely divided particulate toner compositions as defined in claim 1 and carrier particles of relatively opposite triboelectric polarity.

Claim 18

A developer composition as defined in claim 16 wherein the carrier particles exhibit a diameter between about 50 microns to about 1000 microns.

Claim 19

A developer composition as defined in claim 16 wherein the weight ratio of toner to carrier ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:200.

Claim 20

Method for developing electrostatic latent images comprising forming an electrostatic latent image on a surface, contacting the latent image on said surface with the developer composition defined in claim 17 whereby the toner in said developer composition electrostatically adheres to the latent image, and fixing said developed image to said surface.

Claim 21

Process as defined in claim 19 wherein the developed electrostatic latent image is transferred to a transfer sheet and the transferred developed image is fixed thereon.

Claim 22

A finely divided particulate toner composition comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting polyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm -- cm.) wherein the polyester contains within the polymer chain at least about 30 mole percent of at least one divalent alkylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the structural formula: ##STR10## wherein R" is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each R"' is independently hydrogen or R", q is a number from 1 to about 10 and each r is independently a number from 0 to 1, the balance of the polyester being at least about 20 mole percent aromatic comonomer, and additional aromatic comonomer or aliphatic comonomer or both.

Claim 23

A finely divided particulate toner composition comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting polyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm -- cm.) wherein the polyester contains within the polymer chain at least about 30 mole percent of at least one divalent alkylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the structural formula: ##STR10## wherein R" is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each R"' is independently hydrogen or R", q is a number from 1 to about 10 and each r is independently a number from 0 to 1, the balance of the polyester being at least about 20 mole percent aromatic comonomer, and additional aromatic comonomer or aliphatic comonomer or both.

Claim 24

A finely divided particulate toner composition comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting copolyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm--cm., wherein the copolyester contains within the polymer chain at least about 30 mole percent of at least one divalent radical selected from the group consisting of: a. an arylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the formula: ##STR11## wherein [AR] is an arylene radical containing from 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, halo, sulfo and alkali metal salts thereof, nitro, cyano lower alkoxy, amino, thio lower alkoxy and --N(R')p wherein each R' can be independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and p is an integer of 2 or 3, each m is independently a number from 0 to 1 and n is a number from 0 to 3, and b. an alkylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the structural formula: ##STR12## wherein R" is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each R"' is independently hydrogen or R", q is a number from 1 to about 10 and each r is independently a number from 0 to 1; and when the radical having no center of symmetry is at least about 30 mole percent of said arylene, the remaining comonomers of the copolyester consist essentially of at least two comonomers selected from the group consisting of aromatic, aliphatic and combinations thereof, and when the radical having no center of symmetry is at least about 30 mole percent of said alkylene, the remaining comonomers of the copolyester consist essentially of at least about 20 mole percent aromatic comonomer and at least one additional comonomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic, aliphatic and combinations thereof.

Claim 25

A finely divided particulate toner composition comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting copolyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm--cm., wherein the copolyester contains within the polymer chain at least about 30 mole percent of at least one divalent radical selected from the group consisting of: a. an arylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the formula: ##STR11## wherein [AR] is an arylene radical containing from 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, halo, sulfo and alkali metal salts thereof, nitro, cyano lower alkoxy, amino, thio lower alkoxy and --N(R')p wherein each R' can be independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and p is an integer of 2 or 3, each m is independently a number from 0 to 1 and n is a number from 0 to 3, and b. an alkylene radical having no center of symmetry represented by the structural formula: ##STR12## wherein R" is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each R"' is independently hydrogen or R", q is a number from 1 to about 10 and each r is independently a number from 0 to 1; and when the radical having no center of symmetry is at least about 30 mole percent of said arylene, the remaining comonomers of the copolyester consist essentially of at least two comonomers selected from the group consisting of aromatic, aliphatic and combinations thereof, and when the radical having no center of symmetry is at least about 30 mole percent of said alkylene, the remaining comonomers of the copolyester consist essentially of at least about 20 mole percent aromatic comonomer and at least one additional comonomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic, aliphatic and combinations thereof.

Claim 26

A finely divided particulate toner composition comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting copolyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm -- cm.), wherein the copolyester contains within the polymer chain at least one divalent radical selected from the group consisting of: a. an arylene radical having no center of symmetry and selected from the group consisting of arylene dicarboxy radicals, arylene dioxy radicals and mixtures thereof, and b. an alkylene radical having no center of symmetry and selected from the group consisting of alkylene dioxy radicals, alkylene dicarboxy radicals and mixtures thereof; at least two additional comonomers capable of reacting with the arylene radical of (a) or the alkylene radical of (b) to form the copolyester; and when the arylene radical is the divalent radical, the at least two additional comonomers are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic diols, aromatic diols, aliphatic diacids, aliphatic diesters, aromatic diacids, aromatic diesters, anhydrides of aromatic diacids, and mixtures thereof, and when the alkylene radical is the divalent radical, the copolyester comprises at least 20 mole percent of an aromatic comonomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic diacids, the anhydrides of the aromatic diacids, the acid chlorides of the aromatic diols and mixtures thereof and at least one additional comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkylene dioxy radicals, alkylene dicarboxy radicals, aromatic diacids, aromatic diesters, the anhydrides of the aromatic diacids, the acid chlorides of the aromatic diacids, aromatic diols, the salts of the aromatic diacids and mixtures thereof.

Claim 27

A finely divided particulate toner composition comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting copolyester exhibiting a softening temperature of at least about 45° C., fusing at temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to about 130° C. and exhibiting a resistivity of at least about 10 15 ohm -- cm.), wherein the copolyester contains within the polymer chain at least one divalent radical selected from the group consisting of: a. an arylene radical having no center of symmetry and selected from the group consisting of arylene dicarboxy radicals, arylene dioxy radicals and mixtures thereof, and b. an alkylene radical having no center of symmetry and selected from the group consisting of alkylene dioxy radicals, alkylene dicarboxy radicals and mixtures thereof; at least two additional comonomers capable of reacting with the arylene radical of (a) or the alkylene radical of (b) to form the copolyester; and when the arylene radical is the divalent radical, the at least two additional comonomers are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic diols, aromatic diols, aliphatic diacids, aliphatic diesters, aromatic diacids, aromatic diesters, anhydrides of aromatic diacids, and mixtures thereof, and when the alkylene radical is the divalent radical, the copolyester comprises at least 20 mole percent of an aromatic comonomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic diacids, the anhydrides of the aromatic diacids, the acid chlorides of the aromatic diols and mixtures thereof and at least one additional comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkylene dioxy radicals, alkylene dicarboxy radicals, aromatic diacids, aromatic diesters, the anhydrides of the aromatic diacids, the acid chlorides of the aromatic diacids, aromatic diols, the salts of the aromatic diacids and mixtures thereof.