US4049337A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Reflex reflecting system for road surface marking
Assignee: 3M Co
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Filing: 1976-05-19
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Granted: 1977-09-20
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Expires: 1996-05-19
Abstract
Abstract The disclosure describes, in the upwardly facing surface of a layer of material forming a traffic-regulating indicium on a road pavement, a reflective system consisting of a plurality of reflex-reflective aggregates consisting each of a main element of polymeric transparent material, partially embedded in said layer and having a convex portion projecting upwardly of said surface and having an index of refraction such that rays impinging said exposed portion at large angles of incidence are at least partially refracted into said element, said each aggregate further comprising a transparent binder substance contacting other portions of said element, said each aggregate still further comprising a monolayer of transparent beads contacting the and partially embedded into said transparent binder, having part-spherical surfaces facing away from said other portions of said element and a reflective coating provided over said part-spherical surfaces, the index of refraction n 1 of said main element being from 1.45 and 1.68, the index of refraction n 3 of said beads being from 1.60 and 1.95, and the ratio n 3 /n 2 of the index of refraction of said beads and of said binder being from 1.135 to 1.385, the total transparency efficiency of the system being greater than 0.1 when said exposed portion are impinged by light rays not less than 80° .
Inventors
- 👤 Ludwig Eigenmann
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 11:23
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02B; G02B5/00; G02B5/12; G02B5/126; G02B5/128; E; E01; E01F; E01F9/00; E01F9/50; E01F9/506; E01F9/524
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 9
Claim 1
Independent Claim
273 words
On a marked road roadway pavement, a traffic-regulating indicium including a layer of material having a upwardly facing surface the entire extent of which is approximately planar, wherein a substantial surface area of said surface includes a discrete number of reflective aggregates partially embedded in said layer, at least a part of said aggregates comprising each a substantially spherical transparent element having an exposed portion projecting upwardly of said surface and another portion projecting downwardly from said surface, said element having an index of refraction such that rays impinging said exposed portion at large angles of incidence are at least partially refracted into said element towards said another portion, and comprising further a layer of transparent binder substance outwardly surrounding said another portion of said element, and reflecting means for the reflection of rays refracted into said element associated with said other portion of said element and spaced from the same by said binder substance, provided that: a. said transparent element consists of a transparent polymeric substance the index of refraction (n 1 ) of which is comprised between 1.45 and 1.68, b. said reflecting means consist of transparent beads partially embedded into said layer of binder substance and having a reflective coating on their part-spherical portions spaced from the associated element, said beads consisting of a transparent material the index of refraction (n 3 ) of which is comprised between 1.60 and 1.95; and c. the ratio (n 3 /n 2 ) of the index of refraction (n 3 ) of said beads relatively to the index of refraction (n 2 ) of said binder substance is comprised between 1.135 and 1.385.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
273 words
On a marked road roadway pavement, a traffic-regulating indicium including a layer of material having a upwardly facing surface the entire extent of which is approximately planar, wherein a substantial surface area of said surface includes a discrete number of reflective aggregates partially embedded in said layer, at least a part of said aggregates comprising each a substantially spherical transparent element having an exposed portion projecting upwardly of said surface and another portion projecting downwardly from said surface, said element having an index of refraction such that rays impinging said exposed portion at large angles of incidence are at least partially refracted into said element towards said another portion, and comprising further a layer of transparent binder substance outwardly surrounding said another portion of said element, and reflecting means for the reflection of rays refracted into said element associated with said other portion of said element and spaced from the same by said binder substance, provided that: a. said transparent element consists of a transparent polymeric substance the index of refraction (n 1 ) of which is comprised between 1.45 and 1.68, b. said reflecting means consist of transparent beads partially embedded into said layer of binder substance and having a reflective coating on their part-spherical portions spaced from the associated element, said beads consisting of a transparent material the index of refraction (n 3 ) of which is comprised between 1.60 and 1.95; and c. the ratio (n 3 /n 2 ) of the index of refraction (n 3 ) of said beads relatively to the index of refraction (n 2 ) of said binder substance is comprised between 1.135 and 1.385.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
In the traffic-regulating indicium defined in claim 1, reflective aggregates including a binder substance the index of refraction of which is from 1.46 to 1.52.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
66 words
In the traffic-regulating indicium defined in claim 1, reflective aggregates wherein the transparent compounds and materials with which the element, the transparent binder medium and the beads are formed, have respective indexes of refraction n 1 , n 2 and n 3 comprised in the following critical ranges: n 1 from 1.45 to 1.68 n 2 from 1.46 to 1.56 n 3 from 1.60 to 1.95.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
53 words
In the traffic-regulating incidium as defined in claim 3, reflective aggregates wherein the refractive index n 1 of the substantially spherical transparent element is from 1.49 to 1.68, and wherein the ratio n 3 /n 2 of the refractive indexes of said beads and of said binder medium is from 1.135 to 1.385.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
92 words
A traffic-regulating indicium as defined in claim 1, and comprising a substantial indicium forming area including a discrete number of reflective aggregates having exposed portions so projecting upwardly of the indicium generally planar surface for light impingement at an angle of not greater than 50°, wherein the said aggregates jointly provide a total transparency parameter, as above defined, greater than 0.130, when impinged by grazing light emitted by a source of light located at a distance not greater than 115 meters at a level of about 1.2 meter above the roadway pavement.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
The traffic-regulating indicium of claim 5, wherein said area comprises reflective aggregates of given average radius r and spaced in said area at such average spacing S that the ratio S/r is comprised from 1 to 8.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
63 words
The traffic-regulating indicium of claim 5, wherein the said area comprises reflective aggregates having exposed portions so projecting upwardly of the indicium generally planar surface and so spacedly arranged in said area that the said grazing light impinges at an angle of incidence which in the average is not less than 60°, and wherein the said total transparency parameter is greater than 0.3.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
74 words
In the traffic-regulating indicium defined in claim 1, reflective aggregates further including an interfaced layer of finite thickness formed at the interface between said polymeric element and said layer of binder substance, said interfacial layer having an index of refraction, which progressively varies from that of said element to that of said layer, whereby no light dissipation by internal reflection occurs at the passage of rays from said element and said layer and viceversa.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3964821A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-09-19 | 1981-03-21 | 1981-09-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-09-19 | 1985-03-21 | 1985-09-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-09-19 | 1989-03-21 | 1989-09-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |