Device for measuring the mass of particles of an aerosol per volume unit

Claim 1

A device for measuring the mass of particles contained in an aerosl per volume unit thereof, comprising: a block of electrical insulating material having a measuring cell and a reference cell defined therein; each said cell comprising a measuring conduit, an inlet conduit communicating with said measuring conduit for introducing a flow of air loaded with particles into said measuring conduit, and an outlet conduit communicating with said measuring conduit at one end and with the atmosphere at the other end; a pointed charging electrode disposed in each of said measuring conduits opposite each of the corresponding outlet conduits, the pointed end of each of said pointed electrodes being disposed adjacent the junction of said inlet conduit and said measuring conduit and oriented at an acute angle to said inlet conduit so that said inlet conduit directs said particle-loaded air stream toward said pointed end; a vibratory element comprising a circular piezoelectric quartz disc disposed in each of said cells, each of said elements having a pre-determined resonance frequency, the vibratory element within said measuring cell having a circular planar measuring particle receiving electrode facing the corresponding pointed electrode and disposed a predetermined distance therefrom, the vibratory element disposed within said reference cell having a circular planar reference electrode disposed thereon facing the corresponding pointed electrode and disposed a predetermined distance therefrom, the plane of each of said electrodes being substantially normal to the direction of orientation of the corresponding pointed electrode, the distance between each pointed electrode and the corresponding planar electrode being greater than that required to generate a spark therebetween when a predetermined high voltage is applied between each of said pointed an a planar electrodes; means for maintaining the current flowing between the electrodes of said measuring cell at a desired value; each of said vibratory elements being disposed within the corresponding cell in such a manner that air may flow around all sides thereof between said inlet and outlet conduits; means for suspending each of said vibratory elements within the corresponding cell thereof in such a manner that the resonance frequency of each element varies with its mass; means for measuring the resonance frequency of each of said vibratory elements and generating an output signal corresponding to the difference therebetween; the arrangement of each of said cells and the corresponding conduits being such that the surface of each vibratory member opposite the corresponding planar electrode faces the corresponding outlet conduit, and the distance between the point of each pointed electrode and the nearest point on the surface of the corresponding planar electrode is on the order of 15 mm.; and means for establishing and maintaining a high voltage DC potential difference between (i) the pointed electrode and planar electrode of said measuring cell and (ii) the pointed electrode and planar electrode of said reference cell, the potential of each of said pointed electrodes being positive with respect to the corresponding planar electrode; the voltage applied between the pointed and planar electrodes of said measuring cell being on the order of 10,000 volts to cause the flow of particle-containing air through said measuring cell by the effect of an electric wind, the geometry of said measuring cell as set forth above being such that said cell presents minimal impedance to said flow.

Claim 2

A device for measuring the mass of particles contained in an aerosl per volume unit thereof, comprising: a block of electrical insulating material having a measuring cell and a reference cell defined therein; each said cell comprising a measuring conduit, an inlet conduit communicating with said measuring conduit for introducing a flow of air loaded with particles into said measuring conduit, and an outlet conduit communicating with said measuring conduit at one end and with the atmosphere at the other end; a pointed charging electrode disposed in each of said measuring conduits opposite each of the corresponding outlet conduits, the pointed end of each of said pointed electrodes being disposed adjacent the junction of said inlet conduit and said measuring conduit and oriented at an acute angle to said inlet conduit so that said inlet conduit directs said particle-loaded air stream toward said pointed end; a vibratory element comprising a circular piezoelectric quartz disc disposed in each of said cells, each of said elements having a pre-determined resonance frequency, the vibratory element within said measuring cell having a circular planar measuring particle receiving electrode facing the corresponding pointed electrode and disposed a predetermined distance therefrom, the vibratory element disposed within said reference cell having a circular planar reference electrode disposed thereon facing the corresponding pointed electrode and disposed a predetermined distance therefrom, the plane of each of said electrodes being substantially normal to the direction of orientation of the corresponding pointed electrode, the distance between each pointed electrode and the corresponding planar electrode being greater than that required to generate a spark therebetween when a predetermined high voltage is applied between each of said pointed an a planar electrodes; means for maintaining the current flowing between the electrodes of said measuring cell at a desired value; each of said vibratory elements being disposed within the corresponding cell in such a manner that air may flow around all sides thereof between said inlet and outlet conduits; means for suspending each of said vibratory elements within the corresponding cell thereof in such a manner that the resonance frequency of each element varies with its mass; means for measuring the resonance frequency of each of said vibratory elements and generating an output signal corresponding to the difference therebetween; the arrangement of each of said cells and the corresponding conduits being such that the surface of each vibratory member opposite the corresponding planar electrode faces the corresponding outlet conduit, and the distance between the point of each pointed electrode and the nearest point on the surface of the corresponding planar electrode is on the order of 15 mm.; and means for establishing and maintaining a high voltage DC potential difference between (i) the pointed electrode and planar electrode of said measuring cell and (ii) the pointed electrode and planar electrode of said reference cell, the potential of each of said pointed electrodes being positive with respect to the corresponding planar electrode; the voltage applied between the pointed and planar electrodes of said measuring cell being on the order of 10,000 volts to cause the flow of particle-containing air through said measuring cell by the effect of an electric wind, the geometry of said measuring cell as set forth above being such that said cell presents minimal impedance to said flow.

Claim 3

A device for measuring the mass or particles contained in an aerosol per volume unit thereof, which aerosol is caused to flow through said device, comprising a block of electrically insulating material, a measuring cell and a reference cell defined within said block, a planar measuring receiving electrode arranged within said measuring cell and a planar reference electrode arranged within said reference cell, said two cells being juxtaposed with respect to each other, each one of said electrodes being disposed adjacent a pointed electrode disposed perpendicularly to the associated receiving electrode and connected to the positive pole of a high voltage source producing a voltage of substantially 10,000 volts, said source including a current regulator for maintaining the current delivered by said source at a constant value, a resistor connected in series between each of said pointed electrodes and said current source, the pointed end of each pointed electrode being directed towards one surface of the associated receiving electrode and located at a distance therefrom which is longer than the spark gap corresponding to said voltage, an inlet nozzle for directing a stream of said aerosol toward the pointed end of said pointed electrode associated with said receiving electrode in said measuring cell, and an outlet passage opening into said measuring cell at a location facing the other surface of the associated receiving electrode of said measuring cell, first and second oscillators connected to respective ones of said receiving electrodes, the respective output terminals of said oscillators being connected to a frequency mixer which is connected, in turn, by its output terminals to a frequency meter adapted to display and/or record the difference between the respective resonance frequencies of said two cells, said aerosol being caused to flow through said device by the effect of an electric wind due to the high voltage positive polarity of said pointed electrode of said measuring cell.

Claim 4

A device for measuring the mass or particles contained in an aerosol per volume unit thereof, which aerosol is caused to flow through said device, comprising a block of electrically insulating material, a measuring cell and a reference cell defined within said block, a planar measuring receiving electrode arranged within said measuring cell and a planar reference electrode arranged within said reference cell, said two cells being juxtaposed with respect to each other, each one of said electrodes being disposed adjacent a pointed electrode disposed perpendicularly to the associated receiving electrode and connected to the positive pole of a high voltage source producing a voltage of substantially 10,000 volts, said source including a current regulator for maintaining the current delivered by said source at a constant value, a resistor connected in series between each of said pointed electrodes and said current source, the pointed end of each pointed electrode being directed towards one surface of the associated receiving electrode and located at a distance therefrom which is longer than the spark gap corresponding to said voltage, an inlet nozzle for directing a stream of said aerosol toward the pointed end of said pointed electrode associated with said receiving electrode in said measuring cell, and an outlet passage opening into said measuring cell at a location facing the other surface of the associated receiving electrode of said measuring cell, first and second oscillators connected to respective ones of said receiving electrodes, the respective output terminals of said oscillators being connected to a frequency mixer which is connected, in turn, by its output terminals to a frequency meter adapted to display and/or record the difference between the respective resonance frequencies of said two cells, said aerosol being caused to flow through said device by the effect of an electric wind due to the high voltage positive polarity of said pointed electrode of said measuring cell.