US4038350A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of producing integral non-foamed skin layer shaped articles
Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Filing: 1975-01-10
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Granted: 1977-07-26
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Expires: 1995-01-10
Abstract
Abstract Shaped articles comprising a polymeric frame of uniform density having one or more substantially non-foamed skin layers over all, or only a part of, its surface are produced according to the disclosed method which includes forming a foamable mixture of a photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated material, such as vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, unsaturated polyester resins or the like, and a foaming agent therefor in a mould, subjecting part or all of the surface of the mixture retained in the mould to radiation of a wavelength such that photopolymerization of the material occurs forming a non-foamed or non-foamable skin layer or layers. The thus treated foamable mixture is then foamed and the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam is polymerized. Shaped articles so produced having an open shell structure are also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Geoffrey Sanderson Jaques
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 21:27
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08J; C08J9/00; C08J9/34; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S264/00; Y10S264/05; Y10S264/14; Y10S264/17; Y10S521/00; Y10S521/915; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/249921; Y10T428/249953; Y10T428/249987; Y10T428/249988; Y10T428/249989
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
85 words
A method for the production of a shaped article which comprises forming a foamable mixture of a photopolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated material and a foaming agent in a mould, subjecting at least a part of the surface of the mixture in the mould to radiation of a wavelength such that photopolymerisation of the ethylenically unsaturated material occurs at said part of the surface to form a non-foamed and non-foamable skin layer and subsequently foaming the foamable mixture and polymerising the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
85 words
A method for the production of a shaped article which comprises forming a foamable mixture of a photopolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated material and a foaming agent in a mould, subjecting at least a part of the surface of the mixture in the mould to radiation of a wavelength such that photopolymerisation of the ethylenically unsaturated material occurs at said part of the surface to form a non-foamed and non-foamable skin layer and subsequently foaming the foamable mixture and polymerising the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the foamable mixture is foamed by raising the temperature of the mixture.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the photopolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated material comprises an ethylenically unsaturated material and a photosensitiser.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein irradiation of the mixture is with radiation having a wavelength in the range 230 mμ to 600 mμ.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein polymerisation of the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam is by photopolymerisation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein a free-radical agent is incorporated in the photopolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated material and polymerisation of the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam is effected by raising the temperature of the foam.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated material contains a photosensitiser in combination with a reducing agent capable of reducing the photosensitiser when said photosensitizer is in an excited state.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the photosensitiser is an α-diketone.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the photosensitiser is benzil.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
106 words
A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the photosensitiser is used in combination with a reducing agent having the structure ##STR6## where M is an element of Group Vb of the Periodic Table of the Elements and the units R, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbyl groups, substituted hydrocarbyl groups or groups in which two units R together with M form a cyclic ring system, no more than two of the units R being hydrogen atoms and where M is attached directly to an aromatic group R at least one of the units R has a ##STR7## attached to M.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the reducing agent is dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the photopolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated material contains a photosensitiser in a concentration in the range 0.001% to 10% by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated material.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the concentration of the photosensitiser is from 0.5 to 5% by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated material.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the photosensitiser is employed in combination with a reducing agent in a concentration in the range 0.01% to 5% by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated material.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the mixture is irradiated with radiation having a wavelength greater than 400 mμ.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the blowing agent is ammonium bicarbonate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the blowing agent is a low boiling liquid.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein the liquid has a boiling point below 50° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mixture contains one or more pigments and/or fillers.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for producing a shaped article comprising (a) forming a foamable mixture of an ethylenically unsaturated material, a photosenitiser and a foaming agent in a mould; (b) subjecting at least a portion of the surface of said mixture in the mould to radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 mμ to 600 mμ to photopolymerize said part of the surface of the ethylenically unsaturated material forming a non-foamed and non-foamable skin layer thereon; and subsequently (c) foaming the foamable mixture by raising the temperature of the foam and polymerising the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for producing a shaped article comprising (a) forming a foamable mixture of an ethylenically unsaturated material, a photosenitiser and a foaming agent in a mould; (b) subjecting at least a portion of the surface of said mixture in the mould to radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 mμ to 600 mμ to photopolymerize said part of the surface of the ethylenically unsaturated material forming a non-foamed and non-foamable skin layer thereon; and subsequently (c) foaming the foamable mixture by raising the temperature of the foam and polymerising the ethylenically unsaturated material in the foam.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-07-25 | 1981-01-24 | 1981-07-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-07-25 | 1985-01-24 | 1985-07-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-07-25 | 1989-01-24 | 1989-07-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |