US4029556A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Plating bath and method of plating therewith
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1975-10-22
•
Granted: 1977-06-14
•
Expires: 1995-10-22
Abstract
Abstract There is provided an aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodepositing of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate. This bath comprises compounds including metallic plating ions of cobalt, tin and a third metal taken from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals, and combinations thereof. The resulting alloy deposit has general physical properties of a decorative chromium deposit and is an effective substitute therefor.
Inventors
- 👤 Emlee Monaco
- 👤 Pasquale F. Monaco
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 09:54
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/56; C25D3/562
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 45
Claim 1
Independent Claim
76 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Groups IVb metals and Periodic Vb metals and combinations thereof, said ionic compounds being present in ranges of: about 50-350 grams per liter cobalt compounds, about5-45 grams per liter tin compounds, and about 0.2-60 grams per liter third metal compounds.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
76 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Groups IVb metals and Periodic Vb metals and combinations thereof, said ionic compounds being present in ranges of: about 50-350 grams per liter cobalt compounds, about5-45 grams per liter tin compounds, and about 0.2-60 grams per liter third metal compounds.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
An aqueous acidic bath as defined in claim 1 wherein said cobalt ion producing compound is one or more compounds selected from the class consisting of cobalt chloride, cobalt fluoride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt sulfamate, and cobalt fluoborate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
An aqueous acidic bath as defined in claim 1 wherein said tin ion producing compound is one or more compounds selected from the class consisting of stannous chloride, stannous fluoride and stannous fluoborate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
An aqueous acidic bath as defined in claim 1 wherein said third metal is a metal selected from the class consisting of vanadium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, titanium and hafnium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
An aqueous acidic bath as defined in claim 4 wherein said third metal ion producing compound is selected from the class consisting of chlorides, fluorides, sulfamates, or fluoborates of said third metals and combinations thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
An aqueous acidic bath as defined in claim 1 including a compound producing ferric ions.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
100 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5 -45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
100 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5 -45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidc plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidc plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoroborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoroborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt fluoborate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt sulfamate, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous chloride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoborate, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoborate, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2-60 grams per liter of vanadium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
98 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoborate, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
98 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoborate, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 0.2-8 grams per liter of tantalum fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoride, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 1.0-35 grams per liter of zirconium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoborate, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
99 words
An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of a tarnish resistant alloy onto an electrically conductive substrate, said bath comprises ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from the class consisting of Periodic Group IVb metals and Periodic Group Vb metals and combinations thereof, said bath including: about 100-350 grams per liter of cobalt chloride, about 5-45 grams per liter stannous fluoborate, about 35-75 grams per liter ammonium bifluoride, about 70-100 grams per liter ammonium chloride, and about 2.0-24 grams per liter of niobium fluoride, said bath having a pH in the general range of 1.0-4.2.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
173 words
A method for bulk plating of the outer surface of small parts forming a randomly-oriented agglomeration, wherein each dimension of said agglomeration of parts is substantially greater than any dimension of the constituent parts of said agglomeration, said parts of said agglomeration being freely movable relative to each other when said agglomeration is tumbled, said method comprising the steps of: a. placing said agglomeration of parts in a plating barrel; b. placing said barrel into an aqueous acidic bath including dissociated ionic compounds of tin, cobalt, and a third metal from Periodic Groups IVb and Vb, said ionic compounds being present in the bath in the ranges of about 50--350 grams per liter cobalt compounds, about 5-45 grams per liter tin compounds and about 0.2-60 grams per liter third metal compounds: c. placing a first electrode into said agglomeration of parts; d. placing a second electrode into said bath; e. energizing said electrodes to plate an alloy onto said surfaces of said small parts; and, f. rotating said barrel during said energizing step.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
173 words
A method for bulk plating of the outer surface of small parts forming a randomly-oriented agglomeration, wherein each dimension of said agglomeration of parts is substantially greater than any dimension of the constituent parts of said agglomeration, said parts of said agglomeration being freely movable relative to each other when said agglomeration is tumbled, said method comprising the steps of: a. placing said agglomeration of parts in a plating barrel; b. placing said barrel into an aqueous acidic bath including dissociated ionic compounds of tin, cobalt, and a third metal from Periodic Groups IVb and Vb, said ionic compounds being present in the bath in the ranges of about 50--350 grams per liter cobalt compounds, about 5-45 grams per liter tin compounds and about 0.2-60 grams per liter third metal compounds: c. placing a first electrode into said agglomeration of parts; d. placing a second electrode into said bath; e. energizing said electrodes to plate an alloy onto said surfaces of said small parts; and, f. rotating said barrel during said energizing step.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as defined in claim 23 including the initial step of plating bright metal substrate coating onto said surfaces of said parts.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as defined in claim 23 including: g. placing at least two first electrodes into said agglomeration.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
125 words
A method for depositing a bright tarnish resistant coating on a part having an electrically conductive substrate, comprising the steps of: a. placing said parts in an aqueous acid bath containing dissociated ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from a class consisting of Periodic Group IVb and Group Vb metals, said ionic compounds being present in the bath in the ranges of about 50-350 grams per liter cobalt compounds, about 5-45 grams per liter tin compounds and about 0.2-60 grams per liter third metal compounds. b. electrically connecting said part to a first electrode; c. placing a second electrode in said bath, and d. energizing said first and second electrodes with a D.C. voltage to deposit an alloy on said part.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
125 words
A method for depositing a bright tarnish resistant coating on a part having an electrically conductive substrate, comprising the steps of: a. placing said parts in an aqueous acid bath containing dissociated ionic compounds of cobalt, tin and a third metal selected from a class consisting of Periodic Group IVb and Group Vb metals, said ionic compounds being present in the bath in the ranges of about 50-350 grams per liter cobalt compounds, about 5-45 grams per liter tin compounds and about 0.2-60 grams per liter third metal compounds. b. electrically connecting said part to a first electrode; c. placing a second electrode in said bath, and d. energizing said first and second electrodes with a D.C. voltage to deposit an alloy on said part.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3914160A
Cited
US3881919A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-06-13 | 1980-12-13 | 1981-06-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-06-13 | 1984-12-13 | 1985-06-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-06-13 | 1988-12-13 | 1989-06-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |