Solid state watt and var transducer

Claim 2

A transducer comprising a first input means for energization with the voltage quantity component of the quantity to be measured, a second input means for energization with the current quantity component of the quantity to be measured, a plurality of operational amplifiers, each said amplifier having a positive and a negative input terminal and an output terminal, a plurality of inverters, each said inverter having an output terminal and an input terminal and effective to provide first and second control quantities depending upon the relative magnitudes of an input quantity supplied to its said input terminal and the magnitude of a base quantity, an electronic switching device, a precision wave generator having an output circuit, said generator including a first and a second of said amplifiers and a first of said inverters, said output terminal of said first amplifier being connected to said input terminal of said first inverter, said output terminal of said first inverter being connected to a first of said input terminals of said second amplifier, said output terminal of said second amplifier being connected to said output circuit of said generator and being connected to one of its said input terminals through an impedance device and being connected to a first of said input terminals of said first amplifier through a second impedance device, said output terminal of said first inverter being connected to one of said input terminals of said first amplifier through a third impedance device, said switching device having a pair of output terminals and a pair of input terminals and first and second pairs of gating devices, each of said pairs of said gating devices being operable to connect said pair of input terminals of said switching device with said pair of output terminals of said switching device, first network means energized by said output quantities of said generator and one of said input means to provide a combined output quantity, means connecting said first network means to said input terminal of a second of said inverters, said switching device including switch control means for actuating said pairs of gating devices, second network means connecting said output terminal of said second inverter to said switch control means and effective to open said first or said second pair of gating devices depending upon which one of said first and said second control quantities is provided by said second inverter, means connecting the other of said input means to said pair of input terminals of said switching device, and an integrating network connected to said pair of output terminals of said switching device.

Claim 3

The transducer of claim 1 which includes a third of said amplifiers, an output circuit means for said transducer, said integrating network having a pair of output terminals, means connecting said pair of output terminals of said integrating network across said input terminals of said third amplifier, said output means being connected across said output terminals of said integrating network through said output terminal of said third amplifier, said one input means being said second input means.

Claim 4

The transducer of claim 2 in which said first and said one input terminals of said second amplifier are its said negative terminal, said first and said one terminals of said first amplifier is its said negative terminal.

Claim 5

The transducer of claim 1 in which said switching device is a CMOS quad bilateral switch, said second network including first and second switching controlling circuits connected between said output terminal of said second inverter and said switch control means, said switch control means being effective to connect said first controlling circuit to said first pair of gating devices and said second controlling circuit to said second pair of gating devices, said switch control means being effective when said first controlling circuit is actuated in response to the occurrence of one of said first and second control quantities of said second inverter, said second switch controlling circuit including a third inverter whereby said switch control means is effective when said second controlling circuit is actuated in response to the occurrence of the other of said first and second control quantities of said second inverter.

Claim 6

A transducer comprising first and second input means for energization by the voltage and the current components of the quantity to be measured, a triangular wave voltage generator, a voltage mixing circuit means connected to said first input means and to said generator and having an output quantity which is a combination of the output quantities of said first input means and said generator, a voltage comparator network having an output and having an input connected to said mixing circuit means, said comparator network being effective to provide at its said output logical 1 and logical 0 output quantities depending upon the relative magnitudes of said output quantity and a predetermined quantity, an integrating output network having input terminals, a switching device having input and output pairs of terminals and first and second paths interconnecting its said pairs of terminals, each said path including switching means controlled by an actuator between open and closed conditions, circuit means connecting said pair of output terminals to said integrating output network, circuit means connecting said pair of input terminals to said second input means, and network means connecting said output of said comparator to said actuators of said switching means, said actuators being effective to close its said switching means as a consequence of the occurrence of said logical 1 signal and to close the other of its said switching means as a consequence of the occurrence of said logical 0 signal.

Claim 7

A transducer comprising first and second input means for energization by the voltage and the current components of the quantity to be measured, a triangular wave voltage generator, a voltage mixing circuit means connected to said first input means and to said generator and having an output quantity which is a combination of the output quantities of said first input means and said generator, a voltage comparator network having an output and having an input connected to said mixing circuit means, said comparator network being effective to provide at its said output logical 1 and logical 0 output quantities depending upon the relative magnitudes of said output quantity and a predetermined quantity, an integrating output network having input terminals, a switching device having input and output pairs of terminals and first and second paths interconnecting its said pairs of terminals, each said path including switching means controlled by an actuator between open and closed conditions, circuit means connecting said pair of output terminals to said integrating output network, circuit means connecting said pair of input terminals to said second input means, and network means connecting said output of said comparator to said actuators of said switching means, said actuators being effective to close its said switching means as a consequence of the occurrence of said logical 1 signal and to close the other of its said switching means as a consequence of the occurrence of said logical 0 signal.

Claim 8

The transducer of claim 5 in which said network means includes a second inverter actuated by said comparator network and a third inverter actuated by said second inverter, said network means having a first circuit connected between said second inverter and said actuator of one of said switching means, said actuator of said one switching means being effective to close said one switching means as a consequence of a logical 1 signal at the output of said second inverter, said network means having a second circuit connected between the output of said third inverter and said actuator of the other of said switching means, said actuator of said other switching means being effective to close its said other switching means as a consequence of a logical 1 signal at the output of said third inverter.

Claim 9

A solid state watt transducer for measuring the power flowing in an electric circuit comprising, a first input circuit adapted to be energized with a first quantity proportional to the current quantity of said power, a second input circuit adapted to be energized with a second quantity proportional to the voltage quantity of said power, a triangular wave generator including calibrating means which determines the magnitude of the triangular wave generated by said generator, a summing network having a pair of inputs, one of said inputs being energized by said first quantity and the other said inputs being energized by said triangular wave, said summing network being effective to provide an output quantity proportional to the sum of the quantities at its said inputs, a comparator having an input energized by said output quantity of said summing network, said comparator having an output energized when said output quantity of said summing network is of a first polarity, a plurality of electronic switches, each said switch having a main circuit and a control circuit for controlling the conductive condition of its associated said main circuit, circuit means connecting said main circuits into a bridge circuit configuration having a pair of input terminals and a pair of output terminals, a first of said pair of input terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of a first and a second of said electronic switches, a second of said input pair of terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of a third and a fourth of said electronic switches, a first of said pair of output terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of said first and fourth electronic switches, a second of said pair of output terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of said second and third electronic switches, said comparator including a switch controlling network connecting said control circuits of said switches to said comparator, said switch controlling network being effective at one operating condition of said comparator to render said main circuit of said first and said third switches conductive and at a second operating condition of said comparator to render said main circuits of said second and said fourth switches conductive, means connecting said pair of input terminal of said bridge circuit to said first input circuit for energization of said current quantity, a low pass filter having an output and an input, said output of said filter being connected to said pair of output terminals of said bridge circuit, and a transducer output circuit operatively connected to and energized from said output of said filter.

Claim 10

A solid state watt transducer for measuring the power flowing in an electric circuit comprising, a first input circuit adapted to be energized with a first quantity proportional to the current quantity of said power, a second input circuit adapted to be energized with a second quantity proportional to the voltage quantity of said power, a triangular wave generator including calibrating means which determines the magnitude of the triangular wave generated by said generator, a summing network having a pair of inputs, one of said inputs being energized by said first quantity and the other said inputs being energized by said triangular wave, said summing network being effective to provide an output quantity proportional to the sum of the quantities at its said inputs, a comparator having an input energized by said output quantity of said summing network, said comparator having an output energized when said output quantity of said summing network is of a first polarity, a plurality of electronic switches, each said switch having a main circuit and a control circuit for controlling the conductive condition of its associated said main circuit, circuit means connecting said main circuits into a bridge circuit configuration having a pair of input terminals and a pair of output terminals, a first of said pair of input terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of a first and a second of said electronic switches, a second of said input pair of terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of a third and a fourth of said electronic switches, a first of said pair of output terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of said first and fourth electronic switches, a second of said pair of output terminals being the common connection of said main circuits of said second and third electronic switches, said comparator including a switch controlling network connecting said control circuits of said switches to said comparator, said switch controlling network being effective at one operating condition of said comparator to render said main circuit of said first and said third switches conductive and at a second operating condition of said comparator to render said main circuits of said second and said fourth switches conductive, means connecting said pair of input terminal of said bridge circuit to said first input circuit for energization of said current quantity, a low pass filter having an output and an input, said output of said filter being connected to said pair of output terminals of said bridge circuit, and a transducer output circuit operatively connected to and energized from said output of said filter.

Claim 11

The transducer of claim 8 in which said transducer output circuit includes a current amplifier.

Claim 12

The transducer of claim 7 in which said filter blocks the passage of all of the harmonics of said voltage of said power to be measured.

Claim 13

The transducer of claim 7 in which said triangular wave generator comprises first and second operational amplifiers and an inverter, said inverter having an input connected to the output of said first operational amplifier and its output connected to one input terminal of said second amplifier.

Claim 14

The transducer of claim 10 in which a first resistive means is connected between one input terminal of said first operational amplifier and said output of said inverter, a second resistive means is connected between said output of said inverter and said one input terminal of said second amplifier, a third resistive means is connected between the output of said second amplifier and said one input terminal of said first amplifier, a first capacitive means connected between the output terminal and said one input terminal of said second amplifier, one of said resistive means including means to change the magnitude of its resistance whereby to change the magnitude of the current in said transducer output circuit.

Claim 15

The transducer of claim 11 in which said transducer output circuit includes a current amplifier network, said current amplifier network including a third operational amplifier having its input terminals connected across said output of said filter, said transducer output circuit further including a circuit extending between one of said input terminals and the output terminal of said third transducer.

Claim 16

The transducer of claim 12 in which said one terminals are negative terminals.

Claim 17

The transducer of claim 7 in which said comparator comprises three inverters each having an input terminal and an output signal terminal and a pair of voltage input terminals, a pair of voltage supplying conductors, a first of said voltage conductors having a positive potential with respect to a neutral bus, a second of said voltage conductors having a negative potential with respect to said neutral bus, circuit means connecting said voltage input buses between said voltage conductors, said last-named circuit means including circuit limiting means in series with said voltage input terminals of a first of said three inverters of said comparator, said input terminal of said first-named first inverter being connected to said summing network, said output terminal of said just-named first inverter being connected to said input terminal of a second of said third inverter of said comparator, said output terminal of said just-named second inverter being connected to said input terminal of a third of said three inverters of said comparator and to one of said switch controlling networks, said output of said just-named third inverter being connected to the other of said switch controlling network.

Claim 18

The transducer of claim 14 in which said current limiting means comprises a pair of resistors of unequal magnitude, one of said resistors being connected between one of said voltage conductors and one of said voltage input terminals of said first inverter of said comparator, the other of said resistors being connected between the other of said voltage conductors and the other of said voltage input terminals of said first inverter of said comparator.

Claim 19

The transducer of claim 15 in which said third inverter of said comparator is a CMOS-CD4007AE type integrated circuit and said four switches is a COMOS-CD4016AE type integrated circuit.