Method of quantitatively determining the grain size of substances

Claim 1

A method of quantitatively determining the grain size d of substances having an ultrasound attenuation coefficient α= α A+ α S , wherein the absorption coefficient α A depends linearly upon the frequency f of the ultrasound (α A = a 1 .f) and the coefficient of scatter α S is H.D 3 .f 4 4 = a 4 .f 4 , H being a constant and based upon density, speed of sound and anisotrophy, by measuring the pressure amplitude A S (x) of the scattered sound as a function of the transit time of the sound through the specimen, and averaging over limited regions of structure by relative continuous or discontinuous movement between the source of the sound and the specimen, the invention consisting in introducing ultrasound of two different frequencies f 1 and f 2 and measuring the sonic pressure amplitudes of both frequencies f 1 and f 2 , determining the attenuation coefficients α 1 and α 2 from these measurements for both frequencies f 1 and f 2 and finally calculating the value of a 4 from the equation ##EQU2##

Claim 2

A method of quantitatively determining the grain size d of substances having an ultrasound attenuation coefficient α= α A+ α S , wherein the absorption coefficient α A depends linearly upon the frequency f of the ultrasound (α A = a 1 .f) and the coefficient of scatter α S is H.D 3 .f 4 4 = a 4 .f 4 , H being a constant and based upon density, speed of sound and anisotrophy, by measuring the pressure amplitude A S (x) of the scattered sound as a function of the transit time of the sound through the specimen, and averaging over limited regions of structure by relative continuous or discontinuous movement between the source of the sound and the specimen, the invention consisting in introducing ultrasound of two different frequencies f 1 and f 2 and measuring the sonic pressure amplitudes of both frequencies f 1 and f 2 , determining the attenuation coefficients α 1 and α 2 from these measurements for both frequencies f 1 and f 2 and finally calculating the value of a 4 from the equation ##EQU2##

Claim 3

A method of quantitatively determining the grain size d in substances having an ultrasound attenuation coefficient α=α A+ α S , wherein the absorption coefficient α A can be regarded as being the same in two specimens and the coefficient of scatter α S is H.d 3 .f 4 = a 4 .f 4 , H being a constant based upon density, speed of sound and anisotrophy, by measuring the pressure amplitude A S (x) of the scattered sound as a function of the transit time of the sound wave through the specimen and averaging over limited regions of the structure by relative continuous or discontinuous motion between the source of the sound and the specimen, comprising introducing the same frequency into the two specimens, identified by m and n, of the same material but having different structures, measuring the scatter amplitudes A Si (O) and the respective sonic pressure amplitudes A Si (x) (i= m, n) at the surfaces of both specimens and directly determining the coefficients of scatter α.sub. Sm and α Sn from the measured attenuation coefficients α m and α n by calculation from α.sub.Sm= (α.sub.m- αn)/{ 1- A.sub.Sn.sup.2 (0)/A.sub.Sm.sup.2 (0)} and α.sub.Sn = (α.sub.n- α.sub.M)/{ 1- A.sub.Sm.sup.2 (0)/A.sub.Sn.sup.2 (0)}

Claim 4

A method of quantitatively determining the grain size d in substances having an ultrasound attenuation coefficient α=α A+ α S , wherein the absorption coefficient α A can be regarded as being the same in two specimens and the coefficient of scatter α S is H.d 3 .f 4 = a 4 .f 4 , H being a constant based upon density, speed of sound and anisotrophy, by measuring the pressure amplitude A S (x) of the scattered sound as a function of the transit time of the sound wave through the specimen and averaging over limited regions of the structure by relative continuous or discontinuous motion between the source of the sound and the specimen, comprising introducing the same frequency into the two specimens, identified by m and n, of the same material but having different structures, measuring the scatter amplitudes A Si (O) and the respective sonic pressure amplitudes A Si (x) (i= m, n) at the surfaces of both specimens and directly determining the coefficients of scatter α.sub. Sm and α Sn from the measured attenuation coefficients α m and α n by calculation from α.sub.Sm= (α.sub.m- αn)/{ 1- A.sub.Sn.sup.2 (0)/A.sub.Sm.sup.2 (0)} and α.sub.Sn = (α.sub.n- α.sub.M)/{ 1- A.sub.Sm.sup.2 (0)/A.sub.Sn.sup.2 (0)}