Standing-wave linear accelerator

Claim 2

A charged particle standing wave accelerator comprising wall means forming at least three accelerating cavities, each said accelerating cavity being adapted to support a standing wave therein, said wall means having apertures between adjacent cavities to permit passage of a charged particle beam along a path through said accelerating cavities, coupling means directly interconnecting two of said accelerating cavities which are not adjacent to each other and adapted to cause a phase difference in said two cavities, said coupling means being disposed from said beam path and having no coupling connection to any accelerating cavity between said two accelerating cavities, at least a third accelerating cavity positioned between said two accelerating cavities, means for driving one of said two accelerating cavities with a source of electromagnetic wave energy, and means other than said beam for driving said third accelerating cavity with a source of electromagnetic wave energy which can have a selected phase relation to said source for driving one of said two cavities; whereby said two accelerating cavities form a first accelerating cavity substructure, said third accelerating cavity forms a second accelerating cavity substructure, and said two substructures can be energized with input waves having a selected phase relation to each other.

Claim 3

The accelerator of claim 1 wherein said coupling means between said two accelerating cavities comprises a resonant coupling cavity.

Claim 4

The accelerator of claim 2 wherein said two accelerating cavities and said coupling cavity have substantially the same resonant frequency.

Claim 5

The accelerator of claim 1 wherein said means for driving one of said two accelerating cavities comprises a first input waveguide coupled to a source of electromagnetic energy separate from said accelerator, and said means for driving said third accelerating cavity comprises a second input waveguide coupled to a source of electromagnetic energy separate from said accelerator.

Claim 6

A charged particle standing wave accelerator comprising wall means forming a plurality of accelerating cavities, each said accelerating cavity being adapted to support a standing wave therein, said wall means having apertures between adjacent cavities to permit passage of a charged particle beam along a path through said accelerating cavities, first resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a first group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form a first substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, at least a second resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a second group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form at least a second substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, said first coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said first group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, said second coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said second group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected acceleration cavities, the acceleration cavities of said first group being interlaced with the accelerating cavities of said second group, drive coupling means connected to one of said first group of accelerating cavities for driving said first substructure with electromagnetic wave energy, and drive coupling means connected to one of said second group of accelerating cavities for driving said second substructure with electromagnetic wave energy.

Claim 7

A charged particle standing wave accelerator comprising wall means forming a plurality of accelerating cavities, each said accelerating cavity being adapted to support a standing wave therein, said wall means having apertures between adjacent cavities to permit passage of a charged particle beam along a path through said accelerating cavities, first resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a first group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form a first substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, at least a second resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a second group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form at least a second substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, said first coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said first group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, said second coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said second group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected acceleration cavities, the acceleration cavities of said first group being interlaced with the accelerating cavities of said second group, drive coupling means connected to one of said first group of accelerating cavities for driving said first substructure with electromagnetic wave energy, and drive coupling means connected to one of said second group of accelerating cavities for driving said second substructure with electromagnetic wave energy.

Claim 8

The accelerator of claim 5 further comprising means for energizing said drive coupling means with electromagnetic wave energy having a different phase for adjacent substructures.

Claim 9

The accelerator of claim 5 wherein magnetic coupling apertures are provided in the walls separating adjacent accelerating cavities of different substructures to compensate for any electric coupling occurring through said particle apertures.

Claim 10

The accelerator of claim 5 wherein each coupling cavity comprises three cylindrical portions which are coaxial about an axis, said cylindrical portions being in open communication with each other, the diameters of two of said cylindrical portions being substantially identical with each other and the diameter of the third cylindrical portion being smaller than the diameters of said other two cylindrical portions, said smaller-diameter cylindrical portion being intermediate said other two cylindrical portions along said axis, and said larger-diameter cylindrical portions of said coupling cavity being respectively coupled to its non-adjacent accelerating cavities.

Claim 11

The accelerator of claim 8 further comprising facing posts coaxially arranged on said axis and connected respectively to the walls of said larger diameter cylindrical portions, and said posts each extending into said smaller diameter cylindrical portion.

Claim 12

The accelerator of claim 5 wherein each of said drive coupling means comprises a waveguide, and electromagnetic wave source means separate from said accelerator connected to said waveguides for driving said plural substructures with input waves having a selected phase relation between adjacent substructures.

Claim 13

The accelerator of claim 5 wherein one of said drive coupling means comprises a waveguide connected to an electromagnetic source separate from said accelerator, and the other of said drive coupling means comprises a phase shifting connection from an accelerating cavity of one of said substructures to an accelerating cavity of another of said substructures.

Claim 14

The accelerator of claim 5 wherein all of said accelerating cavities and all of said coupling cavities all have substantially the same resonant frequency.

Claim 15

A charged particle standing wave accelerator comprising wall means forming a plurality of accelerating cavities, each said accelerating cavity being adapted to support a standing wave therein, said wall means having apertures between adjacent cavities to permit passage of a charged particle beam along a path through said accelerating cavities, first resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a first group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form a first substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, second resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a second group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form a second substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, at least a third resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a third group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form at least a third substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, said first coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said first group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, said second coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said second group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, said third coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said third group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, the accelerating cavities of the several substructures being positioned in interlaced arrangement so that each most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of a given substructure are separated by an accelerating cavity from each of the other substructures, drive coupling means connected to one of said accelerating cavities in said first substructure for driving said first substructure with electromagnetic wave energy, drive coupling means connected to one of said accelerating cavities in said second substructure for driving said second substructure, and drive coupling means connected to one of said accelerating cavities in said third substructure for driving said third substructure.

Claim 16

A charged particle standing wave accelerator comprising wall means forming a plurality of accelerating cavities, each said accelerating cavity being adapted to support a standing wave therein, said wall means having apertures between adjacent cavities to permit passage of a charged particle beam along a path through said accelerating cavities, first resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a first group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form a first substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, second resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a second group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form a second substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, at least a third resonant cavity coupling means displaced from said beam path and interconnecting a third group of non-adjacent ones of said accelerating cavities to form at least a third substructure comprising plural accelerating cavities, said first coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said first group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, said second coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said second group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, said third coupling means comprising a separate resonant coupling cavity directly interconnecting each two of the most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of said third group and adapted to cause a phase difference in the two interconnected accelerating cavities, the accelerating cavities of the several substructures being positioned in interlaced arrangement so that each most nearly adjacent accelerating cavities of a given substructure are separated by an accelerating cavity from each of the other substructures, drive coupling means connected to one of said accelerating cavities in said first substructure for driving said first substructure with electromagnetic wave energy, drive coupling means connected to one of said accelerating cavities in said second substructure for driving said second substructure, and drive coupling means connected to one of said accelerating cavities in said third substructure for driving said third substructure.

Claim 17

The accelerator of claim 13 wherein the number of said substructures range in number from one to N, and means for energizing said drive coupling means with electromagnetic wave energy having a different phase for adjacent substructures.