Lignosulfonate composition and process for its preparation

Claim 2

A composition comprising a material selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin combined with iron, said composition being ferromagnetic.

Claim 3

The composition of claim 1 wherein said iron is present in a structure form of an iron oxide.

Claim 4

The composition of claim 2 wherein said structural form comprises that of gamma ferric oxide.

Claim 5

The composition of claim 2 wherein said structure form of iron comprises that of magnetite.

Claim 6

Ferromagnetic lignosulfonate.

Claim 7

Ferromagnetic lignosulfonate.

Claim 8

Ferromagnetic iron lignosulfonate.

Claim 9

Ferromagnetic iron lignosulfonate.

Claim 10

Ferromagnetic sulfonated tannin.

Claim 11

Ferromagnetic sulfonated tannin.

Claim 12

Ferromagnetic iron sulfonated tannin.

Claim 13

Ferromagnetic iron sulfonated tannin.

Claim 14

The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition also contains a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and manganese.

Claim 15

The composition of claim 1 wherein said material has been rendered water insoluble by reaction with a phenolformaldehyde resin.

Claim 16

A process for the preparation of ferromagnetic composition, which comprises dissolving an iron compound and a material selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin in an aqueous medium and mixing the mixture in the presence of an alkali at a temperature up to 230° C at a pH of at least about 5.5 to form a ferromagnetic composition, said iron compound being dissolved in an amount of at least twice the stoichiometric amount, as ferric iron, to react with the sulfonate groups of the material, said mixture being heated under conditions to obtain the iron in the ferrous and ferric states, and said material being substantially free of polyhydroxy, polycarboxy, and lactone-type non-lignin constitutents having molecular weight less than about 400.

Claim 17

A process for the preparation of ferromagnetic composition, which comprises dissolving an iron compound and a material selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin in an aqueous medium and mixing the mixture in the presence of an alkali at a temperature up to 230° C at a pH of at least about 5.5 to form a ferromagnetic composition, said iron compound being dissolved in an amount of at least twice the stoichiometric amount, as ferric iron, to react with the sulfonate groups of the material, said mixture being heated under conditions to obtain the iron in the ferrous and ferric states, and said material being substantially free of polyhydroxy, polycarboxy, and lactone-type non-lignin constitutents having molecular weight less than about 400.

Claim 18

A process according to claim 11 wherein the mixture is heated at a pH of at least 6 until from 0.9 to 1.5 equivalents of alkali per equivalent of iron are reacted and the lignosulfonate or sulfonated tannin concentration in the solution is from 0.5 to 20 weight percent.

Claim 19

A process according to claim 12 wherein the iron compound is a water-soluble inorganic iron salt and the material is a lignosulfonate fraction of a residual pulping liquor.

Claim 20

A process according to claim 12 wherein the iron salt is dissolved in the solution in an amount to supply from 10 to 40 weight percent iron, based upon the lignosulfonate or sulfonated tannin, and the mixture heated until about 1 equivalent of the alkali per equivalent of iron is reacted with the iron salt and lignosulfonate or sulfonated tannin.

Claim 21

A process according to claim 13 wherein the lignosulfonate is a lignosulfonate fraction of a spent sulfite liquor containing less than 5 weight percent sugars and sugar acids with the sugar acid content not exceeding 2 weight percent.

Claim 22

A process according to claim 12 wherein the mixture is heated at a temperature in the range of 90° to 140° C at a pH in the range of 7 to 10 in the presence of sodium hydroxide, and the iron salt is a ferrous salt.

Claim 23

A process according to claim 16 wherein the water-soluble ferrous salt is a ferrous sulfate added in an amount to supply from 20 to 40 weight percent iron and the mixture is heated at a temperature in te range of 90° to 100° C with agitation in air to oxidize the iron from ferrous to ferric states.

Claim 24

A process according to claim 12 wherein said iron is added as a mixture of ferrous and ferric compounds.

Claim 25

The process of claim 18 wherein said ferric and ferrous compounds are present in proportions suitable for the formation of a magnetic iron oxide.

Claim 26

A process for the preparation of a ferromagnetic composition, which comprises dissolving a water-soluble iron salt and a material selected from the group consisting of a lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin in water in an amount to obtain up to 30 weight percent of the material and at least 9 weight percent iron, based upon the weight of the material, adding from 0.9 to 1.5 equivalents of an alkali metal hydroxide per equivalent of iron to the solution, and heating the mixture at a temperature in the range of 40° to 230° C for from 0.5 to 24 hours to react the iron with the material to form a ferromagnetic composition, said material being substantially free of organic constituents having molecular weights less than 400, and said mixture being heated with the iron being in ferrous and ferric states.

Claim 27

A process for the preparation of a ferromagnetic composition, which comprises dissolving a water-soluble iron salt and a material selected from the group consisting of a lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin in water in an amount to obtain up to 30 weight percent of the material and at least 9 weight percent iron, based upon the weight of the material, adding from 0.9 to 1.5 equivalents of an alkali metal hydroxide per equivalent of iron to the solution, and heating the mixture at a temperature in the range of 40° to 230° C for from 0.5 to 24 hours to react the iron with the material to form a ferromagnetic composition, said material being substantially free of organic constituents having molecular weights less than 400, and said mixture being heated with the iron being in ferrous and ferric states.

Claim 28

A process according to claim 20 wherein the water-soluble iron salt is an inorganic salt and is added in an amount of from 20 to 50 weight percent, and the material is at a concentration of from 3 to 10 weight percent in the solution.

Claim 29

A process according to claim 21 wherein the mixture is a lignosulfonate fraction of a spent sulfite pulping liquor and the mixture is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide at a temperature in the range of 90° to 140° C for from 1/4 to 4 hours.

Claim 30

A process according to claim 22 wherein the iron salt is ferrous sulfate and the mixture is heated in the presence of air to oxidize a portion of the iron from ferrous to ferric state.

Claim 31

A process according to claim 21 wherein the material is a sulfonated tannin and the mixture is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide at a temperature in the range of 90° to 140° C for from 1/4 to 4 hours.

Claim 32

A process according to claim 24 wherein the iron salt is ferrous sulfate and the mixture is heated in the presence of air to oxidize a portion of the iron from ferrous to ferric state.

Claim 33

A composition comprising a material selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin combined with iron, said composition having a relative magnetic susceptability, when measured in a magnetic field of 240 oersteds, based upon the iron content thereof, is at least 60% of substantially pure iron.

Claim 34

A composition comprising a material selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and sulfonated tannin combined with iron, said composition having a relative magnetic susceptability, when measured in a magnetic field of 240 oersteds, based upon the iron content thereof, is at least 60% of substantially pure iron.

Claim 35

The composition of claim 26 wherein said material is lignosulfonate.

Claim 36

The composition of claim 26 wherein said material is sulfonated tannin.

Claim 37

The composition of claim 26 wherein said iron is present in a structural form of an iron oxide.

Claim 38

The composition of claim 29 wherein said structural form comprises that of gamma ferric oxide.

Claim 39

The composition of claim 29 wherein said structural form of iron comprises that of magnetite.