US4017414A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Powdered metal source for production of heat and hydrogen gas
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
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Filing: 1975-12-08
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Granted: 1977-04-12
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Expires: 1995-12-08
Abstract
Abstract Micro electrochemical cells which utilize an intimate mixture of active and passive metals are reacted with seawater for producing heat and hydrogen gas for use as a heat source, energy source, or buoyancy generator for use in remote areas.
Inventors
- 👤 Stanley A. Black
- 👤 James F. Jenkins
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 14:51
CPC Classifications
C; C06; C06D; C06D5/00; B; B63; B63C; B63C11/00; B63C11/02; B63C11/28; C01; C01B; C01B3/00; C01B3/02; C01B3/06; C01B3/061; C01B3/08; C01B3/10; F; F24; F24V; F24V30/00; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/36; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
185 words
An electrochemical source for the rapid generation of heat and hydrogen gas upon activation by electrolyte, comprising: a. an intimate mixture of powdered active magnesium metal particles and passive metallic iron particles such that the electrical contact resistance between said active and passive powdered metal particles is very low; b. passive metallic iron particles being embedded in the surface of at least a substantial portion of said active magnesium metal particles; each said active magnesium metal particle having at least one passive metal particle embedded thereon comprises a powdered form of a shorted micro electrochemical cell; said intimate mixture of powdered active and passive metal particles operable to produce heat and hydrogen by exothermic reaction in a suitable electrolyte; c. an electrolyte in which the exothermic reaction occurs when in solution, the electrolyte solution being kept separate from the metal containing particles until the reaction is desired; d. controls for the amount of heat and hydrogen produced and the operational life of said intimate mixture in the electrolyte being the variation of powder sizes and the ratio of active to passive metal surface area exposed.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
185 words
An electrochemical source for the rapid generation of heat and hydrogen gas upon activation by electrolyte, comprising: a. an intimate mixture of powdered active magnesium metal particles and passive metallic iron particles such that the electrical contact resistance between said active and passive powdered metal particles is very low; b. passive metallic iron particles being embedded in the surface of at least a substantial portion of said active magnesium metal particles; each said active magnesium metal particle having at least one passive metal particle embedded thereon comprises a powdered form of a shorted micro electrochemical cell; said intimate mixture of powdered active and passive metal particles operable to produce heat and hydrogen by exothermic reaction in a suitable electrolyte; c. an electrolyte in which the exothermic reaction occurs when in solution, the electrolyte solution being kept separate from the metal containing particles until the reaction is desired; d. controls for the amount of heat and hydrogen produced and the operational life of said intimate mixture in the electrolyte being the variation of powder sizes and the ratio of active to passive metal surface area exposed.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is a sodium chloride solution.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
32 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said intimate mixture of active and passive powdered metal particles are compressed and formed into a rigid composite material of desired shape and dimensions.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 3 wherein exothermic reaction of said composite material is closely controlled by addition of very limited amounts of a electrolyte only when heat and gas are desired, removal of the composite material from the electrolyte, stopping the exothermic reaction.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said intimate mixture of active and passive powdered metal particles are pressed and sintered together into a rigid form.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein dry electrolyte salt particles are interdispersed throughout said powdered metal particle mixture such that addition of water will dissolve said salt to form the electrolyte solution and start electrochemical reaction.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said metal particles range in size up to 590 microns in diameter.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein the ratio of active to passive metal particles by weight is 1 to 1.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 3 wherein said intimate mixture also includes a binder.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said intimate mixture of powdered materials is packed around an object to be heated.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein each microelectrochemical cell is a powdered particle of ironized magnesium in which the reactivity with electrolyte is substantially fifty times more rapid than a simple mixture of iron and magnesium.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is seawater.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 3 wherein NaCl particles are mixed with said composite powdered material prior to compressing into a rigid article such that only the addition of water is needed to dissolve the NaCl and form the electrolyte solution to start electrochemical reaction.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrochemical source as in claim 6 wherein said intimate mixture of powdered materials in packed around an object to be heated.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3325316A
Cited
US3745077A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-04-11 | 1980-10-11 | 1981-04-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-04-11 | 1984-10-11 | 1985-04-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-04-11 | 1988-10-11 | 1989-04-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |