US4016239A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Recarbonation of spent oil shale
Assignee: Union Oil Company of California
•
Filing: 1975-05-22
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Granted: 1977-04-05
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Expires: 1995-05-22
Abstract
Abstract Spent oil shale from retorting operations, containing water-soluble alkaline oxides such as calcium oxide is subjected to a recarbonation process in order to reduce its alkalinity and thereby prevent ecological damage to plant and aquatic animal life which could result from alkaline leachings derived rom rain or snowfall on open dumps of such spent shale. For economic reasons, a rapid recarbonation is necessary, and such is achieved herein by wetting the spent shale with water containing dissolved carbonate and/or bicarbonate salts, and contacting the so wetted spent shale with an atmosphere comprising a substantial partial pressure of carbon dioxide for a period of time ranging between about 10 minutes and two hours.
Inventors
- 👤 Donald M. Fenton
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 19:46
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/66; C10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/02; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S208/00; Y10S208/951
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
122 words
A method for decreasing the alkalinity of spent granular oil shale which, during or following a thermal eduction, has been subjected to decarbonating temperatures in excess of about 1000° F, which comprises wetting said spent shale with at least about 10 weight-percent of an aqueous solution containing sufficient of a dissolved salt selected from the class consisting of carbonates and bicarbonates to provide at least about 50 mg/l of carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions, and thereafter contacting the wetted shale with a carbonating gas comprising at least about 0.1 psi of CO 2 for a sufficient time to reduce the volume of aqueous leachings obtainable therefrom, and having a pH above 9.0, to below about 10 volumes per volume of said spent shale.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
122 words
A method for decreasing the alkalinity of spent granular oil shale which, during or following a thermal eduction, has been subjected to decarbonating temperatures in excess of about 1000° F, which comprises wetting said spent shale with at least about 10 weight-percent of an aqueous solution containing sufficient of a dissolved salt selected from the class consisting of carbonates and bicarbonates to provide at least about 50 mg/l of carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions, and thereafter contacting the wetted shale with a carbonating gas comprising at least about 0.1 psi of CO 2 for a sufficient time to reduce the volume of aqueous leachings obtainable therefrom, and having a pH above 9.0, to below about 10 volumes per volume of said spent shale.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said decarbonating temperatures are encountered in a combustion zone wherein a peak temperature in excess of 1200° F prevails.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said decarbonating temperatures are encountered in a steam gasification zone wherein a peak temperature in excess of 1200° F prevails.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein sufficient of said salt is utilized to provide about 200 - 2000 mg/l of carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions in said aqueous solution.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as defined in claim 4 wherein said salt is selected from the class consisting of alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said carbonating gas comprises about 0.1 - 50 psi of CO 2 .
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as defined in claim 6 wherein said contacting is carried out at between about 25° and 95° C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as defined in claim 7 wherein said contacting is carried out for about 10 minutes to two hours.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said contacting is continued for a sufficient time to reduce the volume of aqueous leachings obtainable from said spent shale, and having a pH above 9.0, to below about 5 volumes per volume of shale.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
61 words
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein (a) said spent shale is wetted with at least about 20 weight-percent of said aqueous solution, (b) sufficient of said salt is utilized to provide about 200 - 2000 mg/l of carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions in said solution and (c) said carbonating gas comprises about 0.5 - 15 psi of CO 2 .
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2637545A
Cited
US3510255A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-04-04 | 1980-10-04 | 1981-04-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-04-04 | 1984-10-04 | 1985-04-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-04-04 | 1988-10-04 | 1989-04-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |