US4015973A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Limestone-expanding clay granules and method of making them
Assignee: Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Filing: 1974-12-20
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Granted: 1977-04-05
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Expires: 1994-12-20
Abstract
Abstract Limestone-expanding clay granules produced by charging a pulverizer and/or a mixer, with a raw material, which is high in calcium and/or magnesium, and an expanding clay binder, the expanding clay binder comprising from 1% and not more than 10% of the total charge. A portion of the material from the pulverizer is recycled back through the pulverizer, the amount recycled being determined by, among other things, the fineness of the raw material in the desired finished product. The remainder of the material from the pulverizer is caused to pass through a granulator, a dryer-cooler, and a finished product screen means. Fines from the finished product screen means are recycled directly to the pulverizer. Oversize material from the finished product screen is recycled to the pulverizer or to separate crusher and then back over the finished product screen means, where fines are removed and sent back to the pulverizer. When pulverizing is not required, the expanding clay binder is added to the raw material in the granulator along with the water, in slurry form, eliminating a separate mixing operation when the moisture content of the raw material is too high for the addition of the expanding clay binder in slurry form, it is either mixed in a high intensity mixer such as a cage mill or mixed in dry form in the granulator as the product is pelletized.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul M. Perrine
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 18:09
CPC Classifications
C; C05; C05D; C05D3/00; C05D3/02; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S71/00; Y10S71/903
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 6
Claim 1
Independent Claim
217 words
The process of preparing soil neutralizer and conditioner granules which both neutralize the soil and increase the water and neutrient holding capacity thereof, which comprises the steps: A. mixing and grinding about 90 to 99% by weight of a finely divided calcium and magnesium bearing raw material selected from the group consisting of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and marl, with about 1% to 10% by weight of high expansion sodium bentonite; B. continuously recycling a portion of the mixture for further grinding to produce the needed percentage of fines for a better and more uniform final product; C. agitating the mixture and gradually adding water thereto so that the mixture has a water content of from about 1 to about 15% by weight, based on the weight of the dry material, to form granules, said water being sufficient in amount to activate the sodium bentonite; d. drying the granules at a temperature within the range from about 100° to about 1000° F., and E. screening the dried granules to recover the granules having a particle size which will pass through a 1/2 inch screen and at least be retained on a 60 mesh screen, said granules containing about 90 to 99% by weight of said raw material and about 1 to 10% by weight of said sodium bentonite.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
217 words
The process of preparing soil neutralizer and conditioner granules which both neutralize the soil and increase the water and neutrient holding capacity thereof, which comprises the steps: A. mixing and grinding about 90 to 99% by weight of a finely divided calcium and magnesium bearing raw material selected from the group consisting of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and marl, with about 1% to 10% by weight of high expansion sodium bentonite; B. continuously recycling a portion of the mixture for further grinding to produce the needed percentage of fines for a better and more uniform final product; C. agitating the mixture and gradually adding water thereto so that the mixture has a water content of from about 1 to about 15% by weight, based on the weight of the dry material, to form granules, said water being sufficient in amount to activate the sodium bentonite; d. drying the granules at a temperature within the range from about 100° to about 1000° F., and E. screening the dried granules to recover the granules having a particle size which will pass through a 1/2 inch screen and at least be retained on a 60 mesh screen, said granules containing about 90 to 99% by weight of said raw material and about 1 to 10% by weight of said sodium bentonite.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein about 8% by weight of water, based on the weight of the dry material is gradually added to the mixed during said agitating step.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein the granules are dried at a temperature of about 350° F.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
224 words
The process of preparing soil neutralizer and conditioner granules which both neutralize the soil and increase the water and nutrient holding capacity thereof, which comprises the steps: A. agitating about 90 to about 99% by weight of a finely divided calcium and magnesium bearing raw material selected from the group consisting of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and marl and adding a slurry of high expansion sodium bentonite thereto to form granules, the mixture having a water content of from about 1 to about 15% by weight of water, based on the weight of the dry material, and about 1 to about 10% by weight of high expansion sodium bentonite, based on the weight of the dry material, the water in said slurry being sufficient in amount to swell said sodium bentonite to nearly its maximum volume, minimizing the amount of sodium bentonite required and increasing the hardness of the granules; B. drying the granules at a temperature within the range from about 100° to about 1000° F; and C. screening the dried granules to recover the granules having a particle size which will pass through a 1/2 inch screen and at least be retained on a 60 mesh screen, said granules containing about 90 to about 99% by weight of said raw material and about 1 to about 10% by weight of said sodium bentonite.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
224 words
The process of preparing soil neutralizer and conditioner granules which both neutralize the soil and increase the water and nutrient holding capacity thereof, which comprises the steps: A. agitating about 90 to about 99% by weight of a finely divided calcium and magnesium bearing raw material selected from the group consisting of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and marl and adding a slurry of high expansion sodium bentonite thereto to form granules, the mixture having a water content of from about 1 to about 15% by weight of water, based on the weight of the dry material, and about 1 to about 10% by weight of high expansion sodium bentonite, based on the weight of the dry material, the water in said slurry being sufficient in amount to swell said sodium bentonite to nearly its maximum volume, minimizing the amount of sodium bentonite required and increasing the hardness of the granules; B. drying the granules at a temperature within the range from about 100° to about 1000° F; and C. screening the dried granules to recover the granules having a particle size which will pass through a 1/2 inch screen and at least be retained on a 60 mesh screen, said granules containing about 90 to about 99% by weight of said raw material and about 1 to about 10% by weight of said sodium bentonite.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-04-04 | 1980-10-04 | 1981-04-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-04-04 | 1984-10-04 | 1985-04-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-04-04 | 1988-10-04 | 1989-04-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |