US4009074A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Preparation of levulose from granular starch
Assignee: Unilever Bestfoods North America
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Filing: 1975-03-13
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Granted: 1977-02-22
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Expires: 1995-03-13
Abstract
Abstract A process for the direct conversion of granular starch to levulose comprising mixing a granular starch with water, bacterial alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and a glucose isomerase derived from Streptomyces albus at a temperature of from about 40° to about 70° C. and a pH of from about 5.0 to about 7.0 and maintaining the starch in essentially granular form until a soluble hydrolysate containing levulose is produced, wherein any residual insoluble starch is in essentially granular, ungelatinized form.
Inventors
- 👤 Raoul Guillaume Philippe Walon
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 04:57
CPC Classifications
C; C13; C13K; C13K11/00; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/8215; Y10S435/822; Y10S435/832; Y10S435/836; Y10S435/886; Y10S435/887
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
96 words
A process for the direct conversion of granular starch to levulose comprising forming an aqueous slurry of granular starch, bacterial alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and glucose isomerase derived from Streptomyces albus, at a temperature of at least about 40° C and below the temperature at which the starch is gelatinized, at a pH of from about 5 to about 7 and maintaining the conditions of temperature and pH so that the insoluble starch retains its essentially granular form while a soluble starch hydrolysate containing levulose is produced, whereby any residual insoluble starch remains in essentially granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
96 words
A process for the direct conversion of granular starch to levulose comprising forming an aqueous slurry of granular starch, bacterial alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and glucose isomerase derived from Streptomyces albus, at a temperature of at least about 40° C and below the temperature at which the starch is gelatinized, at a pH of from about 5 to about 7 and maintaining the conditions of temperature and pH so that the insoluble starch retains its essentially granular form while a soluble starch hydrolysate containing levulose is produced, whereby any residual insoluble starch remains in essentially granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said bacterial alpha-amylase is derived from Bacillus licheniformis.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the starch is corn starch.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the starch is from about 10% to about 70%.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the amount of bacterial alpha-amylase used is such as to provide from about 1.0 to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of dry starch.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the amount of glucoamylase used is such to provide from about 0.1 to about 5.0 glucoamylase units of activity per gram of dry starch.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the amount of glucose isomerase used is such as to provide from 0.1 to about 20 glucose isomerase units of activity per gram of dry starch.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the conversion mixture is substantially free of calcium ions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the glucose isomerase is derived from Streptomyces albus YT-5. (ATCC No. 21,132)
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said bacterial alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus licheniformis strain of the group consisting of NCIB 8061, NCIB 8059, ATCC 6598, ATCC 6634, ATCC 8480, ATCC 9945A and ATCC 11945.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1, wherein 90% or more of the starch is solubilized.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the undissolved starch is recycled.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-02-22 | 1980-08-23 | 1981-02-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-02-22 | 1984-08-23 | 1985-02-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-02-22 | 1988-08-23 | 1989-02-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |