US4005244A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Ultraviolet light curable opacifying compositions
Assignee: PPG Industries Inc
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Filing: 1974-09-30
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Granted: 1977-01-25
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Expires: 1994-09-30
Abstract
Abstract Ultraviolet light curable coating compositions comprise an ultraviolet light curable component which shrinks upon curing, a component which is not significantly ultraviolet light curable and a photoinitiator. As the composition is cured by exposure to ultraviolet light, the curable component and the non-curable component phase separate and dendritic microfractures appear at phase boundaries to provide opacity to the cured coatings.
Inventors
- 👤 Marco Wismer
- 👤 Paul J. Prucnal
- 👤 Kenneth E. Miller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 09:52
CPC Classifications
B; B05; B05D; B05D5/00; B05D5/06; B05D5/061; B05D1/00; B05D1/34; C; C08; C08F; C08F299/00; C08F299/02; C08F299/04; C08F299/0407; C08F299/0421; C08F299/0428; C09; C09D; C09D167/00; C09D167/06; C09D7/00; C09D7/40; C09D7/42; B05D3/00; B05D3/06; B05D3/061; B05D3/065; B05D3/067; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31786; Y10T428/31855; Y10T428/31971
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
191 words
An ultraviolet light curable coating composition which is transmissive of visible and ultraviolet light and which upon curing produces opaque coatings having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers, said ultraviolet light curable coating composition consisting essentially of a mixture of: a. a first component which shrinks upon curing and which is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable polymers; b. a second component, which is substantially miscible with said first component at room temperature before said first component is gelled and which is not significantly ultraviolet light curable, selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers, organic thermoplastic polymers and mixtures thereof; and c. a photoinitiator which under the influence of ultraviolet light produces free radicals, wherein d. said first component and said second component undergo phase separation as said first component gels under the influence of ultraviolet light; and e. dendritic microfractures appear at phase boundaries under the influence of ultraviolet light, heat or both ultraviolet light and heat, which dendritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to cured coatings of said ultraviolet light curable coating composition.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
191 words
An ultraviolet light curable coating composition which is transmissive of visible and ultraviolet light and which upon curing produces opaque coatings having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers, said ultraviolet light curable coating composition consisting essentially of a mixture of: a. a first component which shrinks upon curing and which is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable polymers; b. a second component, which is substantially miscible with said first component at room temperature before said first component is gelled and which is not significantly ultraviolet light curable, selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers, organic thermoplastic polymers and mixtures thereof; and c. a photoinitiator which under the influence of ultraviolet light produces free radicals, wherein d. said first component and said second component undergo phase separation as said first component gels under the influence of ultraviolet light; and e. dendritic microfractures appear at phase boundaries under the influence of ultraviolet light, heat or both ultraviolet light and heat, which dendritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to cured coatings of said ultraviolet light curable coating composition.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 wherein said organic ultraviolet light curable polymer is an ethylenically unsaturated polyester.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 wherein said second component is an organic thermoplastic polymer.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 3 wherein said organic thermoplastic polymer is poly(vinyl acetate).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 3 wherein said organic thermoplastic polymer is cellulose acetate butyrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
94 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 wherein: a. the amount of said first component present in said coating composition is in the range of from about 15 to about 74.9 percent by weight of the binder; b. the amount of said second component present in said coating composition is in the range of from about 1 to about 25 percent by weight of the binder; and c. the amount of said photoinitiator present is in the range of from about 0.01 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the binder.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 additionally containing a vinyl monomer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 7 wherein said vinyl monomer is present in an amount in the range of from about 15 to about 30 percent by weight of the binder.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 7 wherein said vinyl monomer is styrene.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 additionally containing an inert volatile organic solvent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 10 wherein said wet volatile organic solvent is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 15 percent by weight of the vehicle.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 10 wherein said inert volatile organic solvent is methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol or aliphatic naphtha.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 wherein said one or more organic ultraviolet light curable polymers is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable oligomers.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 1 which upon curing produces opaque coatings having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 1.0 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
223 words
An ultraviolet light curable coating composition which is transmissive of visible and ultraviolet light and which upon curing produces opaque coatings having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers, said ultraviolet light curable coating composition consisting essentially of a mixture of: a. an ethylenically unsaturated polyester which shrinks upon curing and which is present in an amount in the range of from about 15 to about 74.9 percent by weight of the binder; b. an organic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl acetate) and cellulose acetate butyrate and which is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 25 percent by weight of the binder; and c. a photoinitiator which under the influence of ultraviolet light produces free radicals, and which is present in the range of from about 0.01 to about 10 percent by weight of the binder d. said ethylenically unsaturated polyester and said organic thermoplastic polymer undergo phase separation as said ethylenically unsaturated polyester gels under the influence of ultraviolet light; and e. dendritic microfractures appear at phase boundaries under the influence of ultraviolet light, heat or both ultraviolet light and heat, which dendritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to cured coatings of said ultraviolet light curable coating composition.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
223 words
An ultraviolet light curable coating composition which is transmissive of visible and ultraviolet light and which upon curing produces opaque coatings having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers, said ultraviolet light curable coating composition consisting essentially of a mixture of: a. an ethylenically unsaturated polyester which shrinks upon curing and which is present in an amount in the range of from about 15 to about 74.9 percent by weight of the binder; b. an organic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl acetate) and cellulose acetate butyrate and which is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 25 percent by weight of the binder; and c. a photoinitiator which under the influence of ultraviolet light produces free radicals, and which is present in the range of from about 0.01 to about 10 percent by weight of the binder d. said ethylenically unsaturated polyester and said organic thermoplastic polymer undergo phase separation as said ethylenically unsaturated polyester gels under the influence of ultraviolet light; and e. dendritic microfractures appear at phase boundaries under the influence of ultraviolet light, heat or both ultraviolet light and heat, which dendritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to cured coatings of said ultraviolet light curable coating composition.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
30 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 15 containing styrene in an amount in the range of from about 0 to about 30 percent by weight of the binder.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The ultraviolet light curable coating composition of claim 15 which upon curing produces opaque coatings having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient of 1.0 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
198 words
A method comprising: a. coating a substrate with an ultraviolet light curable coating composition consisting essentially of a visible and ultraviolet light transmissive mixture of: 1. a first component which shrinks upon curing and which is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable polymers; 2. a second component, which is substantially miscible with said first component at room temperature before said first component is gelled and which is not significantly ultraviolet light curable, selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers and organic thermoplastic polymers; and 3. a photoinitiator which under the influence of ultraviolet light produces free radicals; b. exposing said coated substrate to ultraviolet light to gel said first component and to cause said first component and said second component to undergo phase separation; then c. exposing said coated substrate to ultraviolet light, heat or both ultraviolet light and heat to cure said first component and to produce dendritic microfractures at phase boundaries, which dentritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to the thusly cured coating of said ultraviolet light curable coating composition, said cured coating having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
198 words
A method comprising: a. coating a substrate with an ultraviolet light curable coating composition consisting essentially of a visible and ultraviolet light transmissive mixture of: 1. a first component which shrinks upon curing and which is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable polymers; 2. a second component, which is substantially miscible with said first component at room temperature before said first component is gelled and which is not significantly ultraviolet light curable, selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers and organic thermoplastic polymers; and 3. a photoinitiator which under the influence of ultraviolet light produces free radicals; b. exposing said coated substrate to ultraviolet light to gel said first component and to cause said first component and said second component to undergo phase separation; then c. exposing said coated substrate to ultraviolet light, heat or both ultraviolet light and heat to cure said first component and to produce dendritic microfractures at phase boundaries, which dentritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to the thusly cured coating of said ultraviolet light curable coating composition, said cured coating having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 18 wherein both of said exposures are made to the same source of ultraviolet light.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 19 wherein there is no interruption between said first exposure and said second exposure.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 20 wherein said source of ultraviolet light is also a source of heat to which said coated substrate is exposed.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 18 wherein said one or more organic ultraviolet curable polymers is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable oligomers.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 18 wherein said cured coating has a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 1.0 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
67 words
An article comprising a substrate having a cured coating thereon, said coating: a. comprising at least two organic phases 1. one organic phase being one or more cured organic ultraviolet light curable polymers, 2. the other organic phase being selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable, organic thermoplastic polymers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable and mixtures thereof,
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
67 words
An article comprising a substrate having a cured coating thereon, said coating: a. comprising at least two organic phases 1. one organic phase being one or more cured organic ultraviolet light curable polymers, 2. the other organic phase being selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable, organic thermoplastic polymers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable and mixtures thereof,
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
50 words
both of said organic phases being transmissive of visible light; b. containing dendritic microfractures at phase boundaries, which dentritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to said coating; and c. having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
50 words
both of said organic phases being transmissive of visible light; b. containing dendritic microfractures at phase boundaries, which dentritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to said coating; and c. having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
The article of claim 24 wherein the cured coating has a thickness in the range of from about 0.03 to about 100 mils.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
53 words
The article of claim 24 wherein a. said first organic phase consists essentially of cured ultraviolet light curable ethylenically unsaturated polyester; and b. said other organic phase consists essentially of an organic thermoplastic polymer which is not significantly untraviolet light curable selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl acetate) and cellulose acetate butyrate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The article of claim 26 wherein said ultraviolet light curable ethylenically unsaturated polyester has been cured with styrene as a crosslinking agent.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
98 words
The article of claim 27 wherein a. said cured ultraviolet light curable ethylenically unsaturated polyester is present in said cured coating in an amount in the range of from about 15 to about 74.9 percent by weight of the binder; b. said organic thermoplastic polymer is present in said cured coating in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 25 percent by weight of the binder; and c. said styrene is present in said cured coating in an amount in the range of from 0 to about 30 percent by weight of the binder.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
24 words
The article of claim 24 wherein said one or more organic ultraviolet light curable polymers is one or more organic ultraviolet light curable oligomers.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
24 words
The article of claim 24 wherein said coating has a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 1.0 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
135 words
An article comprising a substrate having a cured coating thereon, said coating: a. comprising at least two organic phases 1. one organic phase being one or more cured organic ultraviolet light curable polymers 2. the other organic phase being selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable, organic thermoplastic polymers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable and mixtures thereof, 3. both of said organic phases being transmissive of visible light; b. containing dentritic microfractures at phase boundaries, which dendritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to said coating; and c. having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprical mil at 560 nanometers; wherein substantially no dentritic microfractures are found near the surface of said coating away from said substrate.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
135 words
An article comprising a substrate having a cured coating thereon, said coating: a. comprising at least two organic phases 1. one organic phase being one or more cured organic ultraviolet light curable polymers 2. the other organic phase being selected from the group consisting of organic plasticizers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable, organic thermoplastic polymers which are not significantly ultraviolet light curable and mixtures thereof, 3. both of said organic phases being transmissive of visible light; b. containing dentritic microfractures at phase boundaries, which dendritic microfractures function as light scattering sites to thereby provide opacity to said coating; and c. having a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1 reciprical mil at 560 nanometers; wherein substantially no dentritic microfractures are found near the surface of said coating away from said substrate.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
24 words
The article of claim 31 wherein said coating has a Kubelka-Munk scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 1.0 reciprocal mil at 560 nanometers.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
16 words
The article of claim 31 wherein said coating has a thickness of at least one mil.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-01-25 | 1980-07-26 | 1981-01-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-01-25 | 1984-07-26 | 1985-01-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-01-25 | 1988-07-26 | 1989-01-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |