US4002914A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Transparency contrast enhancement system
Assignee: MACOVSKI ALBERT 2505 ALPINE ROAD MENLO PARK CA 94025
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Filing: 1976-02-27
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Granted: 1977-01-11
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Expires: 1996-02-27
Abstract
Abstract A transparency is illuminated from the viewing side with a light converter backing placed against the opposite side. The light reflected from the viewing surface of the transparency is rendered invisible to the viewer. A partially reflecting mirror is placed against the viewing side in regions of particularly low contrast to provide additional enhancement. Back illumination is used to provide adequate brightness in relatively dark areas.
Inventors
- 👤 Albert Macovski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 19:00
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02B; G02B27/00; G02B27/02; G02B27/022; G02B27/024; G02B27/28; G02B27/281
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
92 words
Apparatus for viewing a transparency having a viewing side and a non-viewing side comprising: a front illuminator for illuminating the transparency from the viewing side with a first illuminant which is substantially invisible to the viewer; a converter structure positioned adjacent to the non-viewing side of the transparency which converts the first illuminant after it passes through the transparency to a second illuminant which is visible to the viewer; and means for back illuminating the converter structure so that said back illumination illuminates the non-viewing side of the transparency with visible light.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
92 words
Apparatus for viewing a transparency having a viewing side and a non-viewing side comprising: a front illuminator for illuminating the transparency from the viewing side with a first illuminant which is substantially invisible to the viewer; a converter structure positioned adjacent to the non-viewing side of the transparency which converts the first illuminant after it passes through the transparency to a second illuminant which is visible to the viewer; and means for back illuminating the converter structure so that said back illumination illuminates the non-viewing side of the transparency with visible light.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the first illuminant is polarized light, the second illuminant is polarized light which is polarized orthogonal to that of the first illuminant and the converter structure is a reflecting diffuser which converts polarized light to depolarized light.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 2 wherein the front illuminator includes a visible light source and a first polarizing filter and a second polarizing filter polarized orthogonally to the first polarizing filter is positioned between the transparency and the viewer.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the first illuminant is ultraviolet light, the converter structure is a phosphorescent screen and the second illuminant is the visible light emitted by the phosphorescent screen.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein a partially reflecting mirror is positioned adjacent to the viewing side of the transparency.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 5 wherein the partially reflecting mirror is smaller than the transparency and including means for translating the mirror to any region of the transparency.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 5 wherein the partially reflecting mirror is transparent to the first illuminant and is partially reflecting to the second illuminant.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 7 wherein the partially reflecting mirror is a dichroic mirror which is transmissive to ultrviolet light and is partially reflective to visible light.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 5 including means for controlling the reflectance of the partially reflecting mirror.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 9 wherein the partially reflecting mirror has a reflectivity which varies over different regions of the mirror and including means for moving different region of the mirror to an area on the transparency whereby the contrast in that area is controlled.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
72 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 9 wherein the partially reflective mirror is a dichroic mirror having a first spectral region over which the mirror is transparent and a second region over which the mirror is reflective and wherein the front illuminator includes means for varying its output spectrum so that controllable amounts are apportioned between the first and second spectral regions whereby the average reflectance over the entire spectral region is controlled.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
59 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 5 wherein the first illuminant is ultraviolet light, the converter structure is a phosphorescent screen which partially reflects ultraviolet light, and the partially reflecting mirror is transparent to the second illuminant in the visible spectrum and partially reflective in the ultraviolet spectrum whereby contrast enhancement is achieved through multiple reflections of the ultraviolet image.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
94 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 5 including a third illuminant in the long-wave region of the ultraviolet spectrum wherein the first illuminant is in the short-wave region of the ultraviolet spectrum and the converter structure is a phosphorescent screen which emits the second illuminant, visible light, in response to both the first and third illuminants and is partially reflective to ultraviolet light, and the partially reflective mirror is transparent to the second and third illuminants and partially reflective to the first illuminant whereby contrast enhancement is achieved through multiple reflections of the ultraviolet image.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
38 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 13 including means for controlling the intensities of the first illuminant, the third illuminant and the means for back illuminating the converter structure whereby a wide range of controlled contrast enhancement is achieved.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the means for back illuminating the converter structure is a source of visible light and the converter structure is translucent.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein the means for back illuminating the converter structure is a source of ultraviolet light whereby the resultant visible light emitted by the phosphorescent screen back illuminates the transparency.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the means for back illuminating the converter structure includes means for controlling which portion of the transparency is illuminated with visible light.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 17 including means for varying the size of the region illuminated by the back illuminator.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
37 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the means for controlling which portion of the transparency is illuminated with visible light is a translatable opaque member placed between a source of back illumination and the converter structure.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 including means for controlling which portion of the transparency is illuminated by the front illuminator.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
49 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the front illuminator consists of a plurality of cylindrical sources positioned along the sides of the transparency in a plane between the viewer and the transparency with each cylindrical source having an opaque reflector which reflects the first illuminant towards the transparency.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the converter structure includes a planar array of light guides in contact with the transparency whose optical axis is normal to the transparency.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-01-11 | 1980-07-12 | 1981-01-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-01-11 | 1984-07-12 | 1985-01-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-01-11 | 1988-07-12 | 1989-01-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |