Method and apparatus for operating on liquids and gases

Claim 2

In a method for operating on liquids and gases, the steps of providing for a liquid a flow path upwardly along the interior of a first tube from a first body of said liquid and downwardly along the interior of a second tube, which communicates with the first tube and which together with the first tube and a connection therebetween is closed off from the outer atmosphere, to a second body of said liquid, while maintaining a continuous flow of said liquid upwardly along the interior of said first tube, through said connection, and downwardly along the interior of said second tube, while subjecting the liquid, at a location of said flow path near to and including at said connection a transfer region where the liquid flows continuously from the first to the second tube, to the influence of at least one of two factors including a predetermined hydrostatic head and an increase in flow velocity, for reducing the liquid pressure at said location as compared to the liquid pressure at said bodies of said liquid, combining with the liquid at said location a gas to be conveyed with the liquid downwardly along the second tube, delivering the gas to the liquid at said location from a source where the gas is at a pressure at least as high as the pressure of the liquid at said location but less than the pressure of the liquid at said bodies of said liquid, so that the gas is pumped to the second body of said liquid where the gas has a higher pressure, providing for the liquid a second flow path, from one to the other of said bodies of liquid, substantially the same as said first-mentioned flow path, while subjecting the liquid at the said location of said second flow path to the influence of at least one of said factors, and delivering additional gas from said source to the liquid at said location of said second flow path, so that the pumping of the gas is carried out in a plurality of stages.

Claim 3

In a method as recited in claim 1 and wherein the liquid is pumped from the first body upwardly along said first tube before flowing downwardly along said second tube to said second body of said liquid, while said second flow path directs liquid from said second body back to said first body, so that said first and second bodies of liquid are used repeatedly for pumping gas.

Claim 4

In a method as recited in claim 2 and including the steps of pumping liquid upwardly from and back down to a third body of liquid along a third flow path substantially the same as said first and second flow paths while subjecting the liquid to the influence of at least one of said factors at said location of said third flow path, and combining with the liquid at said location of said third flow path gas which separates from the liquid at said second flow path after reaching said first body, so that the gas is pumped to a third higher pressure at said third body of liquid.

Claim 5

In a method as recited in claim 2 and including the step of pumping the liquid from the first body of liquid upwardly along the first tube while intially delivering the liquid to a third body from the first body with liquid from the third body being pumped upwardly along said first tube, and delivering to the liquid flowing from the first to the third body gas situated above the first and second bodies of liquid, for pumping the gas to a third higher pressure.

Claim 6

In a method as recited in claim 1 and including the step of directing the liquid at said location downwardly through an ejector at an upper part of said second tube while providing for the liquid as it flows through the ejector a velocity on the order of 0.5-1 m/s, and combining the gas with the liquid at said ejector.

Claim 7

In a method for operating on liquids and gases, the steps of providing for a liquid a flow path upwardly along the interior of a first tube from a first body of said liquid and downwardly along the interior of a second tube, which communicates with the first tube and which together with the first tube and a connection therebetween is closed off from the outer atmosphere, to a second body of said liquid, while maintaining a continuous flow of said liquid upwardly along the interior of said first tube, through said connection, and downwardly along the interior of said second tube, while subjecting the liquid, at a location of said flow path near to and including at said connection a transfer region where the liquid flows continuously from the first to the second tube, to the influence of at least one of two factors including a predetermined hydrostatic head and an increase in flow velocity, for reducing the liquid pressure at said location as compared to the liquid pressure at said bodies of said liquid, combining with the liquid at said location a gas to be conveyed with the liquid downwardly along the second tube, the gas initially being in the liquid as it flows upwardly along said first tube and at least partly separates from the liquid at said location, and including the step of combining the thus-separated gas with the liquid at said location so that the liquid carries downwardly to the second body of said liquid gas which has been separated from the liquid at said location.

Claim 8

In a method for operating on liquids and gases, the steps of providing for a liquid a flow path upwardly along the interior of a first tube from a first body of said liquid and downwardly along the interior of a second tube, which communicates with the first tube and which together with the first tube and a connection therebetween is closed off from the outer atmosphere, to a second body of said liquid, while maintaining a continuous flow of said liquid upwardly along the interior of said first tube, through said connection, and downwardly along the interior of said second tube, while subjecting the liquid, at a location of said flow path near to and including at said connection a transfer region where the liquid flows continuously from the first to the second tube, to the influence of at least one of two factors including a predetermined hydrostatic head and an increase in flow velocity, for reducing the liquid pressure at said location as compared to the liquid pressure at said bodies of said liquid, combining with the liquid at said location a gas to be conveyed with the liquid downwardly along the second tube, the gas initially being in the liquid as it flows upwardly along said first tube and at least partly separates from the liquid at said location, and including the step of combining the thus-separated gas with the liquid at said location so that the liquid carries downwardly to the second body of said liquid gas which has been separated from the liquid at said location.

Claim 9

In a method as recited in claim 6 and including the step of throttling the flow of liquid at said transfer region for increasing the speed of flow of the liquid and enhancing the separation of gas from the liquid.

Claim 10

In a method as recited in claim 6 and including the step of delivering the liquid from the first tube into a separating chamber at said location where the gas separates from the liquid to be situated above the latter in the separating chamber, and then directing the gas from above the liquid in the separating chamber to the liquid flowing downwardly along the second tube to be carried with the liquid to the second body of said liquid.

Claim 11

In a method as recited in claim 8 and including the step of condensing from the gas, directed from said chamber above the liquid therein to the liquid flowing out of said chamber, vapors which are present in the gas, as the gas flows from the gas space in said chamber to the liquid flowing downwardly along the second tube, to provide a condensate, and combining both the condensate and the gas from said chamber with the liquid flowing downwardly along said second tube.

Claim 12

In a method as recited in claim 8 and including the steps of delivering the liquid from the second body of said liquid to an evaporator of a vacuum distillation plant where additional gas separates from the liquid in said evaporator, and pumping the latter separated gas out of the evaporator with liquid flowing through a condenser in said evaporator.

Claim 13

In a method as recited in claim 8 and including the steps of delivering liquid from said second body of liquid to evaporators of a vacuum distillation plant, discharging at least some of the latter liquid from said evaporators, and pumping gas from a space above said second body of said liquid out of the latter space with the liquid discharging from said evaporators.

Claim 14

In a method for operating on liquids and gases, the steps of providing for a liquid a flow path upwardly along the interior of a first tube from a first body of said liquid and downwardly along the interior of a second tube, which communicates with the first tube and which together with the first tube and a connection therebetween is closed off from the outer atmosphere, to a second body of said liquid, while maintaining a continuous flow of said liquid upwardly along the interior of said first tube, through said connection, and downwardly along the interior of said second tube, while subjecting the liquid, at a location of said flow path near to and including at said connection a transfer region where the liquid flows continuously from the first to the second tube, to the influence of at least one of two factors including a predetermined hydrostatic head and an increase in flow velocity, for reducing the liquid pressure at said location as compared to the liquid pressure at said bodies of said liquid, combining with the liquid at said location a gas to be conveyed with the liquid downwardly along the second tube, delivering the gas to the liquid at said location from a source where the gas has a higher pressure than the liquid at said location so that the gas becomes at least partly dissolved into the liquid as the latter flows downwardly to the second body of said liquid, said source being a gas space above said first body of said liquid.

Claim 15

In a method for operating on liquids and gases, the steps of providing for a liquid a flow path upwardly along the interior of a first tube from a first body of said liquid and downwardly along the interior of a second tube, which communicates with the first tube and which together with the first tube and a connection therebetween is closed off from the outer atmosphere, to a second body of said liquid, while maintaining a continuous flow of said liquid upwardly along the interior of said first tube, through said connection, and downwardly along the interior of said second tube, while subjecting the liquid, at a location of said flow path near to and including at said connection a transfer region where the liquid flows continuously from the first to the second tube, to the influence of at least one of two factors including a predetermined hydrostatic head and an increase in flow velocity, for reducing the liquid pressure at said location as compared to the liquid pressure at said bodies of said liquid, combining with the liquid at said location a gas to be conveyed with the liquid downwardly along the second tube, delivering the gas to the liquid at said location from a source where the gas has a higher pressure than the liquid at said location so that the gas becomes at least partly dissolved into the liquid as the latter flows downwardly to the second body of said liquid, said source being a gas space above said first body of said liquid.

Claim 16

In an apparatus for operating on liquids and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containing bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, an ejector means operatively connected with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for increasing velocity of flow of the liquid returning through said delivery tube means to said other tank means, and said gas-combining means feeding a gas to said ejector means to be combined at the latter with the liquid flowing downwardly along said delivery tube means, said connecting means being a separating chamber in which gas separates from liquid delivered to said separating chamber by said suction tube means to be situated in said separating chamber above the liquid therein, the liquid flowing from the separation chamber downwardly along said delivery tube means through said ejector means, and said gas-combining means communicating with the interior of said separating chamber at the space above the liquid therein for delivering the gas separated from the liquid in said separating chamber to said ejector means.

Claim 17

In an apparatus for operating on liquids and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containing bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, an ejector means operatively connected with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for increasing velocity of flow of the liquid returning through said delivery tube means to said other tank means, and said gas-combining means feeding a gas to said ejector means to be combined at the latter with the liquid flowing downwardly along said delivery tube means, said connecting means being a separating chamber in which gas separates from liquid delivered to said separating chamber by said suction tube means to be situated in said separating chamber above the liquid therein, the liquid flowing from the separation chamber downwardly along said delivery tube means through said ejector means, and said gas-combining means communicating with the interior of said separating chamber at the space above the liquid therein for delivering the gas separated from the liquid in said separating chamber to said ejector means.

Claim 18

The combination of claim 13 and including a vacuum distillation plant having evaporator means, and a pipe connected between and communicating with liquid in said other tank means and with said evaporator means of said distillation plant for delivering liquid from said other tank means to said evaporator means of said distillation plant.

Claim 19

The combination of claim 14 and wherein said evaporator means includes a condenser having liquid flowing therethrough with gas separating in said evaporator means from liquid delivered thereto by said pipe, and means communicating with said evaporator means for pumping the gas separated therein out of the latter with the liquid which flows through the condenser means.

Claim 20

The combination of claim 14 and wherein a means communicates with said evaporator means for pumping out of the latter some of the liquid delivered thereto by said pipe from said other tank means, and a further pipe providing communication between gas above the liquid in said other tank means and said means for pumping the liquid out of said evaporator means so that the latter gas from said other tank means is pumped out of the latter together with the liquid from said evaporator means.

Claim 21

In an apparatus for operating on liquid and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containing bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, said suction and delivery tube means and said connecting means therebetween forming a siphon, and said gas-combining means being a throttling means situated in said connecting means for throttling the flow of liquid through said connecting means from said suction tube means to said delivery tube means to provide downstream of said throttling means an increased liquid velocity which enhances separation of gas from the liquid to be combined therewith when flowing downwardly along said delivery tube means to said other tank means.

Claim 22

In an apparatus for operating on liquid and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containing bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, said suction and delivery tube means and said connecting means therebetween forming a siphon, and said gas-combining means being a throttling means situated in said connecting means for throttling the flow of liquid through said connecting means from said suction tube means to said delivery tube means to provide downstream of said throttling means an increased liquid velocity which enhances separation of gas from the liquid to be combined therewith when flowing downwardly along said delivery tube means to said other tank means.

Claim 23

In an apparatus for operating on liquids and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containing bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, both of said tank means enclosing therein gas spaces above liquids therein, and said gas-combining means including a tube communicating with the gas space in said one tank means and with said ejector means for delivering gas from said space of said one tank means to said ejector means to be at least partly dissolved into liquid delivered by said delivery tube means to said other tank means.

Claim 24

In an apparatus for operating on liquids and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containing bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, both of said tank means enclosing therein gas spaces above liquids therein, and said gas-combining means including a tube communicating with the gas space in said one tank means and with said ejector means for delivering gas from said space of said one tank means to said ejector means to be at least partly dissolved into liquid delivered by said delivery tube means to said other tank means.

Claim 25

In an apparatus for operating on liquids and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containng bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, a second delivery tube means communicating with the interior of said one tank means for delivering liquid thereto, ejector means operatively connected with an upper end region of said second delivery tube means, for increasing the speed with which liquid flows downwardly therealong to said one tank means, said gas-combining means including a source of gas at a pressure at least as high as the pressure of the liquid in both of said delivery tube means at said upper end regions thereof but less than the pressure of gas in both of said tank means above liquid therein, said source communicating with both of said ejector means, and pump means communicating with said other tank means and with said upper end region of said second delivery tube means for pumping liquid from said other tank means to said ejector means of said second delivery tube means, whereby gas is pumped in two stages from said source to the interior of both of said tank means while the liquid used for pumping the gas is recirculated.

Claim 26

In an apparatus for operating on liquids and gases, a pair of tank means for respectively containng bodies of liquid, suction tube means communicating with the interior of and extending upwardly from one of said tank means for drawing a liquid therefrom upwardly to an elevation substantially higher than said one tank means, delivery tube means communicating with the interior of and extending downwardly to the other of said tank means for delivering liquid to the interior of said other tank means, connecting means connecting both of said tube means at upper end regions thereof for providing communication between both of said tube means at said upper end regions thereof and for maintaining a continuous flow of liquid upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means, said pair of tank means cooperating with said suction tube means and said delivery tube means and both of the latter tube means cooperating with said connecting means for providing for the liquid during continuous flow thereof a flow path which is closed off from the outer atmosphere, so that the liquid will flow continuously while closed off from the outer atmosphere upwardly through said suction tube means, through said connecting means, and downwardly through said delivery tube means from said one to said other tank means, and gas-combining means communicating with said delivery tube means at said upper end region thereof for combining a gas with the liquid flowing down said delivery tube means to said other tank means, a second delivery tube means communicating with the interior of said one tank means for delivering liquid thereto, ejector means operatively connected with an upper end region of said second delivery tube means, for increasing the speed with which liquid flows downwardly therealong to said one tank means, said gas-combining means including a source of gas at a pressure at least as high as the pressure of the liquid in both of said delivery tube means at said upper end regions thereof but less than the pressure of gas in both of said tank means above liquid therein, said source communicating with both of said ejector means, and pump means communicating with said other tank means and with said upper end region of said second delivery tube means for pumping liquid from said other tank means to said ejector means of said second delivery tube means, whereby gas is pumped in two stages from said source to the interior of both of said tank means while the liquid used for pumping the gas is recirculated.