Fast current measurement apparatus for static VAR generator compensator control circuit and method for using same

Claim 2

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present between said first, second and third conductors respectively and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of the negative of said second load current over a first interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over a second interval starting at the point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point when said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said latter two intervals overlapping, said switch delay being measured from the end of the first interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 3

The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said frequency is 60 hz.

Claim 4

The combination as claimed in claim 2 wherein said phase relationship between said first, second and third terminal voltages is 120° for each voltage relative to the others.

Claim 5

The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first, second and third peak magnitudes are generally equal for said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively.

Claim 6

The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is ground potential.

Claim 7

The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is the common midpoint of a star connected A.C. generating system.

Claim 8

The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said predetermined fixed phase relationship between said first terminal voltage relative to said common reference and said first alternating source current is generally 0°.

Claim 9

The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said reactive power generator comprises a thyristor switched inductor, said switch delay being a delay in the firing angle of said thyristor.

Claim 10

The combination as claimed in claim 1 comprising a second reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place on said second conductor and having a second output terminal thereof connected to a place on said third conductor, a third reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place said third conductor and a second output terminal thereof connected to said place on said first conductor, a third alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said third conductor between said place thereon and said load, said second and said third reactive power generators providing second and third compensating currents of said frequency respectively during second and third switch controlled portions respectively of given half cycles of said second and third alternating voltages respectively, said second and said third compensating currents being vectorially added to said second and said third alternating load currents respectively so that a second and third alternating source current respectively of said frequency flowing in said second and third conductors respectively between said source and said place where said first output terminal of said second reactive power generator is connected to said second conductor and said place where said first output terminal of said third reactor power generator is connected to said third conductor respectively are each in second and third predetermined fixed phase relationship respectively with said second and third terminal voltages respectively for each half cycle thereof.

Claim 11

The combination as claimed in claim 9 wherein said first, second and third predetermined fixed phase relationships between said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively relative to said common reference and said first, second and third alternating source currents respectively are equal.

Claim 12

The combination as claimed in claim 10 wherein said latter equal phase relationship is zero.

Claim 13

The combination as claimed in claim 10 wherein said first, second and third source currents are balanced because of the compensating currents of said first, second and third reactive power generators respectively.

Claim 14

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said second voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said second load current over the interval starting at the last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 15

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said second voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said second load current over the interval starting at the last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 16

The combination as claimed in claim 13 wherein said frequency is 60 hz.

Claim 17

The combination as claimed in claim 14 wherein said phase relationship between said first, second and third terminal voltages is 120° for each voltage relative to the others.

Claim 18

The combination as claimed in claim 13 wherein said first, second and third peak magnitudes are generally equal for said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively.

Claim 19

The combination as claimed in claim 13 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is ground potential.

Claim 20

The combination as claimed in claim 13 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is the common midpoint of a star connected A.C. generating system.

Claim 21

The combination as claimed in claim 13 wherein said predetermined fixed phase relationship between said first terminal voltage relative to said common reference and said first alternating source current is generally 0°.

Claim 22

The combination as claimed in claim 13 wherein said reactive power generator comprises a thyristor switched inductor, said switch delay being a delay in the firing angle of said thyristor.

Claim 23

The combination as claimed in claim 13 comprising a second reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place on said second conductor and having a second output terminal thereof connected to a place on said third conductor, a third reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place said third conductor and a second output terminal thereof connected to said place on said first conductor, a third alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said third conductor between said place thereon and said load, said second and said third reactive power generators providing second and third compensating currents of said frequency respectively during second and third switch controlled portions respectively of given half cycles of said second and third alternating voltages respectively, said second and said third compensating currents being vectorially added to said second and said third alternating load currents respectively so that a second and third alternating source current respectively of said frequency flowing in said second and third conductors respectively between said source and said place where said first output terminal of said second reactive power generator is connected to said second conductor and said place where said first output terminal of said third reactor power generator is connected to said third conductor respectively are each in second and third predetermined fixed phase relationship respectively with said second and third terminal voltages respectively for each half cycle thereof.

Claim 24

The combination as claimed in claim 21 wherein said first, second and third predetermined fixed phase relationships between said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively relative to said common reference and said first, second and third alternating source currents respectively are equal.

Claim 25

The combination as claimed in claim 22 wherein said latter equal phase relationship is zero.

Claim 26

The combination as claimed in claim 22 wherein said first second and third source currents are balanced because of the compensating currents of said first, second and third reactive power generators respectively.

Claim 27

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said first load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of the negative of said second load current over an interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last named interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 28

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said first load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of the negative of said second load current over an interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last named interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 29

The combination as claimed in claim 25 wherein said frequency is 60 hz.

Claim 30

The combination as claimed in claim 26 wherein said phase relationship between said first, second and third terminal voltages is 120° for each voltage relative to the others.

Claim 31

The combination as claimed in claim 25 wherein said first, second and third peak magnitudes are generally equal for said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively.

Claim 32

The combination as claimed in claim 25 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is ground potential.

Claim 33

The combination as claimed in claim 25 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is the common midpoint of a star connected A.C. generating system.

Claim 34

The combination as claimed in claim 25 wherein said predetermined fixed phase relationship between said first terminal voltage relative to said common reference and said first alternating source current is generally 0°.

Claim 35

The combination as claimed in claim 25 wherein said reactive power generator comprises a thyristor switched inductor, said switch delay being a delay in the firing angle of said thyristor.

Claim 36

The combination as claimed in claim 25 comprising a second reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place on said second conductor and having a second output terminal thereof connected to a place on said third conductor, a third reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place said third conductor and a second output terminal thereof connected to said place on said first conductor, a third alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said third conductor between said place thereon and said load, said second and said third reactive power generators providing second and third compensating currents of said frequency respectively during second and third switch controlled portions respectively of given half cycles of said second and third alternating voltages respectively, said second and said third compensating currents being vectorially added to said second and said third alternating load currents respectively so that a second and third alternating source current respectively of said frequency flowing in said second and third conductors respectively between said source and said place where said first output terminal of said second reactive power generator is connected to said second conductor and said place where said first output terminal of said third reactive power generator is connected to said third conductor respectively are each in second and third predetermined fixed phase relationship respectively with said second and third terminal voltages respectively for each half cycle thereof.

Claim 37

The combination as claimed in claim 33 wherein said first, second and third predetermined fixed phase relationships between said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively relative to said common reference and said first, second and third alternating source currents respectively are equal.

Claim 38

The combination as claimed in claim 34 wherein said latter equal phase relationship is zero.

Claim 39

The combination as claimed in claim 34 wherein said first, second and third source currents are balanced because of the compensating currents of said first, second and third reactive power generators respectively.

Claim 40

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over an interval starting at the point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at point where said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said switch delay being measured from a point in time when the next following positive peak of said first alternating voltage occurs, all integrations being measured with respect to frequency times time.

Claim 41

Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over an interval starting at the point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at point where said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said switch delay being measured from a point in time when the next following positive peak of said first alternating voltage occurs, all integrations being measured with respect to frequency times time.

Claim 42

The combination as claimed in claim 37 wherein said frequency is 60 hz.

Claim 43

The combination as claimed in claim 38 wherein said phase relationship between said first, second and third terminal voltages is 120° for each voltage relative to the others.

Claim 44

The combination as claimed in claim 37 wherein said first, second and third peak magnitudes are generally equal for said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively.

Claim 45

The combination as claimed in claim 37 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is ground potential.

Claim 46

The combination as claimed in claim 37 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is the common midpoint of a star connected A.C. generating system.

Claim 47

The combination as claimed in claim 37 wherein said predetermined fixed phase relationship between said first terminal voltage relative to said common reference and said first alternating source current is generally 0°.

Claim 48

The combination as claimed in claim 37 wherein said reactive power generator comprises a thyristor switched inductor, said switch delay being a delay in the firing angle of said thyristor.

Claim 49

The combination as claimed in claim 37 comprising a second reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place on said second conductor and having a second output terminal thereof connected to a place on said third conductor, a third reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place said third conductor and a second output terminal thereof connected to said place on said first conductor, a third alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said third conductor between said place thereon and said load, said second and said third reactive power generators providing second and third compensating currents of said frequency respectively during second and third switch controlled portions respectively of given half cycles of said second and third alternating voltages respectively, said second and said third compensating currents being vectorially added to said second and said third alternating load currents respectively so that a second and third alternating source current respectively of said frequency flowing in said second and third conductors respectively between said source and said place where said first output terminal of said second reactive power generator is connected to said second conductor and said place where said first output terminal of said third reactor power generator is connected to said third conductor respectively are each in second and third predetermined fixed phase relationship respectively with said second and third terminal voltages respectively for each half cycle thereof.

Claim 50

The combination as claimed in claim 45 wherein said first, second and third predetermined fixed phase relationships between said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively relative to said common reference and said first, second and third alternating source currents respectively are equal.

Claim 51

The combination as claimed in claim 46 wherein said latter equal phase relationship is zero.

Claim 52

The combination as claimed in claim 46 wherein said first, second and third source currents are balanced because of the compensating currents of said first, second and third reactive power generators respectively.

Claim 53

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay related to the integration of the negative of said second load current over a first interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over a second interval starting at the point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point when said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said latter two intervals overlapping, said switch delay being measured from the end of the first interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 54

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay related to the integration of the negative of said second load current over a first interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over a second interval starting at the point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point when said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said latter two intervals overlapping, said switch delay being measured from the end of the first interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 55

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay related to the integration of said second load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said second voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said second load current over the interval starting at the last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 56

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay related to the integration of said second load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said second voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said second load current over the interval starting at the last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative, plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 57

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay is being related to the integration of said first load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of the negative of said second load current over an interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last named interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 58

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay is being related to the integration of said first load current over the interval starting at a point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third voltage next crosses zero going negative plus the integration of the negative of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going negative, and the integration of the negative of said second load current over an interval starting at a point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going negative and ending at said point where said third terminal voltage crosses zero going negative, said switch delay being measured from the end of said last named interval, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

Claim 59

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over an interval starting at the point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at point where said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said switch delay being measured from a point in time when the next following positive peak of said first alternating voltage occurs, all integrations being measured with respect to frequency times time.

Claim 60

Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising: a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship: switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over an interval starting at the point where said second terminal voltage crosses zero going positive and ending at a point where said third terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, and the integration of said first load current over an interval starting at said last named point and ending at point where said first terminal voltage next crosses zero going positive, said switch delay being measured from a point in time when the next following positive peak of said first alternating voltage occurs, all integrations being measured with respect to frequency times time.