Cement manufacture

Claim 2

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; a suspension preheater for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; a gas exit pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flow through said shaft; means for directing a supply of relatively cool, non-aqueous, solid, shaped condensation bodies such as spherical, cylindrical, spirally shaped bodies and the like through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall under the action of gravity in a substantially continuous stream through said divisional gas flow such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface of said bodies as the gases pass through the shaft; means to intercept said coated condensation bodies at or near the end of their fall; and means to pass said bodies out of the shaft through at least one opening in said shaft.

Claim 3

The plant according to claim 1 further comprising means to direct said condensation bodies to fall countercurrently to said divisional gas flow.

Claim 4

The plant according to claim 2 wherein said condensation bodies are in the form of one of spherically configured balls, cylinders and spirals and are made of one of metal and ceramic materials.

Claim 5

The plant according to claim 3 wherein said condensation bodies are substantially identical spherically configured iron balls having a diameter range of approximately 2 millimeters to 10 millimeters.

Claim 6

The plant according to claim 4 further comprising means to loosen the coatings on the condensation bodies.

Claim 7

The plant according to claim 5 further comprising means to separate the loosened coating material from said condensation bodies.

Claim 8

The plant according to claim 5 wherein the means to loosen the coatings of the condensation bodies comprises a rotary drum with means for continuously feeding thereto and continuously removing therefrom said condensation bodies.

Claim 9

The plant according to claim 7 further comprising a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the loosened material and a separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the loosened coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 10

The plant according to claim 7 further comprising means to separate the loosened coating material from the condensation bodies having a vibratory screen capable of retaining the condensation bodies as a screen residue, but capable of permitting the loosened coatings to pass therethrough, said screen being provided with means for feeding the mixture of condensation bodies and loosened coating material to the screen and means for removing the separated condensation bodies and coating material from said screen.

Claim 11

The plant according to claim 6 wherein said means to loosen the coatings from the condensation bodies and said means to separate the loosened coating material comprise a vibratory screen so configured and vibrated that condensation bodies directed to the screen are subjected to such frictional action that the coating is rubbed off and passes through the screen openings, whereas the cleaned condensation bodies are retained as a screen residue, said plant further comprising means for passing the coated condensation bodies from the shaft to the screen and means for repeatedly removing the separated condensation bodies and coating material from said screen.

Claim 12

The plant according to claim 1 further comprising means to direct said condensation bodies to fall crosscurrently to said divisional gas flow.

Claim 13

The plant according to claim 11 wherein said condensation bodies are in the form of one of spherically configured balls, cylinders and spirals and are made of one of metal and ceramic materials.

Claim 14

The plant according to claim 12 wherein said condensation bodies are substantially identical spherically configured iron balls having a diameter range of approximately 2 millimeters to 10 millimeters.

Claim 15

The plant according to claim 13 further comprising means to loosen the coatings on the condensation bodies.

Claim 16

The plant according to claim 14 further comprising means to separate the loosened coating material from said condensation bodies.

Claim 17

The plant according to claim 14 wherein the means to loosen the coatings of the condensation bodies comprises a rotary drum with means for continuously feeding thereto and continuously removing therefrom said condensation bodies.

Claim 18

The plant according to claim 16 further comprising a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the loosened material and a separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the loosened coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 19

The plant according to claim 16 further comprising means to separate the loosened coating material from the condensation bodies having a vibratory screen capable of retaining the condensation bodies as a screen residue, but capable of permitting the loosened coatings to pass therethrough, said screen being provided with means for feeding the mixture of condensation bodies and loosened coating material to the screen and means for removing the separated condensation bodies and coating material from said screen.

Claim 20

The plant according to claim 15 wherein said means to loosen the coatings from the condensation bodies and said means to separate the loosened coating material comprise a vibratory screen so configured and vibrated that condensation bodies directed to the screen are subjected to such frictional action that the coating is rubbed off and passes through the screen openings, whereas the cleaned condensation bodies are retained as a screen residue, said plant further comprising means for passing the coated condensation bodies from the shaft to the screen and means for repeatedly removing the separated condensation bodies and coating material from said screen.

Claim 21

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; a suspension preheater for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; dust precipitator means connected to the suspension preheater; a gas exit pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flow through said shaft; means for directing a supply of at least one of spherical, cylindrical and spirally shaped condensation bodies of at least one of iron and ceramic material through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall under the influence of gravity; means to direct said bodies to fall countercurrently to the divisional gas flow and in a generally continuous stream through said divisional gas flow such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface of said bodies as the gases pass through said shaft; means to intercept the coated bodies at the end of their fall; means to pass said bodies out of said shaft through at least one opening in said shaft; and means to deprive said bodies of their coatings which comprises: a. a rotary drum having means for continuously feeding thereto and removing therefrom, said condensation bodies; b. a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the loosened material; and c. separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the loosened coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 22

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; a suspension preheater for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; dust precipitator means connected to the suspension preheater; a gas exit pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flow through said shaft; means for directing a supply of at least one of spherical, cylindrical and spirally shaped condensation bodies of at least one of iron and ceramic material through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall under the influence of gravity; means to direct said bodies to fall countercurrently to the divisional gas flow and in a generally continuous stream through said divisional gas flow such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface of said bodies as the gases pass through said shaft; means to intercept the coated bodies at the end of their fall; means to pass said bodies out of said shaft through at least one opening in said shaft; and means to deprive said bodies of their coatings which comprises: a. a rotary drum having means for continuously feeding thereto and removing therefrom, said condensation bodies; b. a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the loosened material; and c. separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the loosened coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 23

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; a suspension preheater for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; dust precipitator means connected to the suspension preheater; a gas exit pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flow through said shaft; means for directing a supply of at least one of spherical, cylindrical and spirally shaped condensation bodies of at least one of iron and ceramic material through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall under the influence of gravity; means to direct said bodies to fall crosscurrently to the divisional gas flow and in a generally continuous stream through said divisional gas flow such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface of said bodies as the gases pass through said shaft; means to intercept the coated bodies at the end of their fall; means to pass said bodies out of said shaft through at least one opening in said shaft; and means to deprive said bodies of their coatings which comprises: a. a rotary drum having means for continuously feeding thereto and removing therefrom, said condensation bodies; b. a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the loosened material; and c. separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the loosened coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 24

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; a suspension preheater for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; dust precipitator means connected to the suspension preheater; a gas exit pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flow through said shaft; means for directing a supply of at least one of spherical, cylindrical and spirally shaped condensation bodies of at least one of iron and ceramic material through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall under the influence of gravity; means to direct said bodies to fall crosscurrently to the divisional gas flow and in a generally continuous stream through said divisional gas flow such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface of said bodies as the gases pass through said shaft; means to intercept the coated bodies at the end of their fall; means to pass said bodies out of said shaft through at least one opening in said shaft; and means to deprive said bodies of their coatings which comprises: a. a rotary drum having means for continuously feeding thereto and removing therefrom, said condensation bodies; b. a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the loosened material; and c. separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the loosened coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 25

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; suspension preheating means for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; a gas pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flows through said shaft; means for directing a supply of a plurality of relatively cool, solid condensation bodies through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall relatively unhindered under the influence of gravity in a generally continuous stream through said divisional gas flow, said bodies being at least one of iron and ceramic material and having at least one of spherical, cylindrical and spiral configurations such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a solid coating adhering to substantially the entire surfaces of said bodies as the gases pass through the shaft; means for intercepting the coated condensation bodies at or near the end of their fall; means for directing said condensation bodies out of the shaft through at least one opening in the shaft; means for depriving said condensation bodies of the coatings thereon; and means for returning the bodies thus cleaned to the upper end portion of the shaft in a position for re-directing said bodies through said divisional gas flow.

Claim 26

A plant for the production of cement clinker wherein at least a portion of gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are removed from the exit gas of a rotary kiln comprising: a rotary kiln in which cement raw meal is burned to cement clinker; suspension preheating means for preheating the raw meal with exit gases from the rotary kiln prior to introducing the raw meal into the rotary kiln; a gas pipe from the rotary kiln divided into a main flow pipe connected to said preheater, and a divisional flow pipe having a shaft in communication with said main flow pipe such that a portion of the exit gases flows through said shaft; means for directing a supply of a plurality of relatively cool, solid condensation bodies through at least one opening in said shaft in a manner which permits said bodies to fall relatively unhindered under the influence of gravity in a generally continuous stream through said divisional gas flow, said bodies being at least one of iron and ceramic material and having at least one of spherical, cylindrical and spiral configurations such that gaseous compounds containing at least one of alkali, chlorine and sulphur are condensed to form a solid coating adhering to substantially the entire surfaces of said bodies as the gases pass through the shaft; means for intercepting the coated condensation bodies at or near the end of their fall; means for directing said condensation bodies out of the shaft through at least one opening in the shaft; means for depriving said condensation bodies of the coatings thereon; and means for returning the bodies thus cleaned to the upper end portion of the shaft in a position for re-directing said bodies through said divisional gas flow.

Claim 27

The plant according to claim 22 wherein said means for depriving said condensation bodies of the coatings thereon comprises: a rotary drum with means for continuously feeding thereto and continuously removing therefrom said condensation bodies; a fan adapted to force a stream of air through said drum in a manner which is sufficient to entrain the coating material thus removed from said condensation bodies; and separator means positioned downstream of the drum to separate the removed coating material from the air in which it is entrained.

Claim 28

The plant according to claim 22 wherein said means for depriving said condensation bodies of the coatings thereon comprises: a rotary drum with means for continuously feeding thereto and continuously removing therefrom, said condensation bodies; a vibratory screen capable of retaining said condensation bodies as a screen residue, but capable of permitting the removed coating material to pass therethrough; means for feeding the coated condensation bodies to said screen; and means for removing the separated condensation bodies and coating material from said screen.

Claim 29

The plant according to claim 22 wherein said means for depriving said condensation bodies of the coatings thereon comprises: a vibratory screen so configured and vibrated that condensation bodies directed to the screen are subjected to such frictional action that the coating is removed and passes through the screen openings and the cleaned condensation bodies are retained as a screen residue; means for directing the coated condensation bodies from said shaft to said screen; and means for removing from said screen, said cleaned condensation bodies and coating material.