Patent US2721861A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3979509A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Opaque layer method for detecting biological particles
Assignee: General Electric Co
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Filing: 1974-09-03
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Granted: 1976-09-07
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Expires: 1994-09-03
Abstract
Abstract A monomolecular layer of first biological particles is adsorbed on the surface of a substrate fabricated of virtually any nonreactive solid material, the coated substrate is then exposed to a solution suspected of containing second biological particles specific to the first biological particles, next a porous, opaque layer of nonreactive third particles is formed in the coated substrate, and then the coated substrate is exposed to a cleaving agent solution which cleaves the bond between the first and second biological particles. A visual examination of the coated substrate surface clearly indicates to the naked eye or examination by suitable instrument whether the suspect solution contains the second biological particles by determining whether the opaque layer is complete or a portion common to the second biological particles, has been removed.
Inventors
- 👤 Ivar Giaever
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 16:36
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/54366; G01N33/54386; G01N33/54313; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/805; Y10S436/807
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
181 words
A diagnostic method for detecting the presence or absence of select biological particles in a liquid sample comprising the steps of contacting surface area of a substrate with first biological particles, said first biological particles being specific to the select biological particles and being disposed as a first layer coating said surface area, contacting the coated surface area of said substrate with the liquid sample for a preselected period of time, depositing a porous, opaque layer of particles over said surface area so processed, said particles being nonreactive with the substrate member, the first biological particles, the sample liquid and the cleaving agent solution to be subsequently employed, contacting the surface area as modified by the preceding steps with a cleaving agent solution, said said solution being capable of selectively destroying such bonding as may exist between said first biological particles and select biological particles, and examining said porous, opaque layer to determine whether said porous, opaque layer is intact or has a portion thereof removed, the latter being indicative of the presence of select biological particles in the liquid sample.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
181 words
A diagnostic method for detecting the presence or absence of select biological particles in a liquid sample comprising the steps of contacting surface area of a substrate with first biological particles, said first biological particles being specific to the select biological particles and being disposed as a first layer coating said surface area, contacting the coated surface area of said substrate with the liquid sample for a preselected period of time, depositing a porous, opaque layer of particles over said surface area so processed, said particles being nonreactive with the substrate member, the first biological particles, the sample liquid and the cleaving agent solution to be subsequently employed, contacting the surface area as modified by the preceding steps with a cleaving agent solution, said said solution being capable of selectively destroying such bonding as may exist between said first biological particles and select biological particles, and examining said porous, opaque layer to determine whether said porous, opaque layer is intact or has a portion thereof removed, the latter being indicative of the presence of select biological particles in the liquid sample.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the examining step is accomplished with optical instrumentation.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of contacting surface area of the substrate with first biological particles consists of dipping the substrate so as to form the monomolecular layer thereof along an entire major surface of the substrate member.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of contacting surface area of the substrate with first biological particles consists of depositing at least one drop of a concentrated solution of the first biological particles on a small portion of a major surface of the substrate member.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of contacting the coated surface area of the substrate with liquid sample is accomplished by immersing the substrate therein.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of contacting the coated surface area of the substrate with liquid sample is accomplished by depositing at least one drop of the liquid sample on a small portion of the coated surface area.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of depositing the porous, opaque layer consists of lightly spraying an aerosol of particles of inert material on the coated surface area so processed.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of depositing the porous, opaque layer consists of applying a thin layer of metal particles thereon.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of depositing the porous, opaque layer consists of depositing a thin layer of small glass particles on the surface area so processed.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of depositing the porous, opaque layer consists of depositing a thin layer of small particles of a plastic material on the surface area so processed.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the porous opaque layer is visible to the unaided eye.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of contacting the surface area as modified with cleaving agent solution is accomplished by depositing at least one drop of a weak acid solution on a small portion of the porous, opaque layer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of contacting the surface area so modified with cleaving agent solution is accomplished by immersing the substrate in a weak acid solution.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the cleaving agent solution is an acid solution having a pH in a range of 1 to 5.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the cleaving agent solution is an alkaline solution having a pH in the range 9 to 13.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the cleaving agent solution is a high salt concentration solution.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the examining step is accomplished by viewing with transmitted light.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the first biological particles are a particular antigen.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the first biological particles are a biological substrate reactive with a particular enzyme which constitutes the select biological particles.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the examining step is accomplished by viewing with reflected light.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method set forth in claim 1 and further comprising the step of rinsing the surface area of the substrate after the monomolecular layer of first biological particles has been adsorbed thereon.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method set forth in claim 21 wherein distilled water is used for the rinsing step.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the first biological particles are a particular antibody.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method set forth in claim 23 wherein the select biological particles are an antigen to which the particular antibody is specific.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the first biological particles are a particular enzyme.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method set forth in claim 25 wherein the select biological particles are a particular biological substrate reactive with the enzyme.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method set forth in claim 1 and further comprising the step of rinsing the coated surface area after contact with the liquid sample.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 27 wherein distilled water is used to rinse after contact with the liquid sample.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method set forth in claim 27 and further comprising the step of drying the coated surface area after it has been contacted with the liquid sample and rinsed.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3853467A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-09-07 | 1980-03-08 | 1980-09-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-09-07 | 1984-03-08 | 1984-09-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-09-07 | 1988-03-08 | 1988-09-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |