US3972595A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Ferrofluid display device
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1975-01-27
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Granted: 1976-08-03
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Expires: 1995-01-27
Abstract
Abstract A magnetizable fluid which serves as a display liquid and which includes a suspension of colloidal magnetic particles is used in a display device. The magnetic fluid is opaque to provide optical contrast. A host liquid is substantially immiscible with the display liquid. The display liquid is carried in a reservoir section which is distributed about the periphery of a display field in the reservoir. Each propagation line of the display field is provided with a bubble generator, which passes bubbles by the input end of each line. A bubble switch coil draws selected bubbles across a gap to reach the associated propagation line in response to a signal impressed on the coil. A uniform rotating magnetic field is provided by a permanent magnet beneath the display or by orthogonal magnetic coils.
Inventors
- 👤 Lubomyr T. Romankiw
- 👤 Marko M. G. Slusarczuk
- 👤 David A. Thompson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 06:09
CPC Classifications
G; G11; G11C; G11C19/00; G11C19/02; G11C19/08; G11C19/0875; G11C19/0883; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/09; G02F1/091; G09; G09F; G09F9/00; G09F9/30; G09F9/37; G11C19/0808; G11C19/0816
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
96 words
A display comprising a first fluid and a second fluid substantially immiscible with said first fluid, said first fluid carrying a plurality of magnetic particles, means for emitting separate droplets of one of said fluids from a first space into a second space, means for providing a rotating magnetic field, magnetic means for propagating incremental step-by-step motion of said droplets from said means for emitting along a predetermined path in said second space, said magnetic means cooperating with said rotating magnetic field to provide one incremental step of motion for each rotation of said magnetic field.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
96 words
A display comprising a first fluid and a second fluid substantially immiscible with said first fluid, said first fluid carrying a plurality of magnetic particles, means for emitting separate droplets of one of said fluids from a first space into a second space, means for providing a rotating magnetic field, magnetic means for propagating incremental step-by-step motion of said droplets from said means for emitting along a predetermined path in said second space, said magnetic means cooperating with said rotating magnetic field to provide one incremental step of motion for each rotation of said magnetic field.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including a third fluid substantially immiscible with said first and second fluids, said one of said first and second fluids having droplets emitted being suspended in the remaining ones of said three fluids.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
41 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said magnetic means comprises a pattern of magnetizable shapes having a modulated configuration of narrow and wide segments, providing peaks and valleys whereby droplets are propagated along a path in said rotating magnetic field.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including recirculator means for carrying droplets from said magnetic means to said means for emitting.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein said means for recirculating includes storage structures for holding excess droplets.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
51 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein a mask with a plurality of apertures is provided, said magnetic means being adapted to move said droplets along a path crossing into alignment with said apertures, and a source of illumination behind said display, whereby said droplets modulate light transmitted through said display.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including switching means for selecting droplets for passage from said means for emitting into said second space in response to a predetermined condition signal and passage elsewhere in the absence of said predetermined condition of a control signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
135 words
A display apparatus employing fluid droplets to represent data including a carrier fluid and a magnetic fluid, said fluids possessing contrasting optical properties, said fluids being immiscible, one of said fluids including magnetic particles, such that droplets of one fluid within the other fluid can be translated in response to a magnetic field, an array of display rows, a reservoir of one of said fluids, an array of means for emitting droplets of said one fluid from said reservoir into proximity to an associated one of said display rows, each display row including a magnetic structure for providing a propagation path for a plurality of emitted droplets and means for providing a rotating magnetic field for magnetizing said magnetic structure to produce droplet translation on a step-by-step basis with each rotation of said magnetic field.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
135 words
A display apparatus employing fluid droplets to represent data including a carrier fluid and a magnetic fluid, said fluids possessing contrasting optical properties, said fluids being immiscible, one of said fluids including magnetic particles, such that droplets of one fluid within the other fluid can be translated in response to a magnetic field, an array of display rows, a reservoir of one of said fluids, an array of means for emitting droplets of said one fluid from said reservoir into proximity to an associated one of said display rows, each display row including a magnetic structure for providing a propagation path for a plurality of emitted droplets and means for providing a rotating magnetic field for magnetizing said magnetic structure to produce droplet translation on a step-by-step basis with each rotation of said magnetic field.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 including switching means for selecting droplets for passage from said means for emitting to one of said display rows in response to a predetermined condition signal and passage elsewhere in the absence of said predetermined condition of a control signal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3648269A
Cited
US3863249A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-08-03 | 1980-02-02 | 1980-08-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-08-03 | 1984-02-02 | 1984-08-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-08-03 | 1988-02-02 | 1988-08-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |