US3965463A
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Apparatus using amorphous magnetic compositions
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1975-05-27
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Granted: 1976-06-22
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Expires: 1995-05-27
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus using amorphous magnetic compositions having uniaxial anisotropy include bubble domain apparatus, light modulating apparatus, permanent magnet systems, and tape and disc information handling systems. The amorphous magnetic composition can be prepared in thin film or bulk form or as particles in a binder. The anisotropy can be parallel to the plane of a film of this material or perpendicular to the film plane. The amorphous material is comprised of a single element or is a multicomponent system where as at least one of the components has an unimpaired spin so that the composition has a net magnetic moment. The amorphous composition exists as a microcrystalline structure having localized atomic ordering over a distance 25-100 A, or as a substantially amorphous structure where localized atomic ordering is over distances less than 25A. Binary and ternary compositions, either alloys or compounds, are suitable. The magnetic properties of the compositions can be changed during fabrication or after fabrication, and the compositions can be doped readily without adversely affecting magnetic properties.
Inventors
- 👤 Praveen Chaudhari
- 👤 Jerome J. Cuomo
- 👤 Richard J. Gambino
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 02:11
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/0009; G02F1/0036; G11; G11B; G11B11/00; G11B11/10; G11B11/105; G11B11/10582; G11B11/10586; G11B11/10589; G11B11/10591; G11C; G11C13/00; G11C13/04; G11C13/06; G11C19/00; G11C19/02; G11C19/08; G11C19/0808; G11C19/085; G11C19/0866; H; H01; H01F; H01F10/00; H01F10/08; H01F10/10; H01F10/12; H01F10/13; H01F10/133; H01F10/135; G11C13/0002; G11C13/0004
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 79
Claim 1
Independent Claim
55 words
A magnetic domain system comprising: a magnetic medium in which said domains exist, said medium being an amorphous magnetic material without long range atomic ordering having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, and means for sensing said domains in said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
55 words
A magnetic domain system comprising: a magnetic medium in which said domains exist, said medium being an amorphous magnetic material without long range atomic ordering having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, and means for sensing said domains in said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 1, where said amorphous magnetic material contains an additive element selected from the group consisting essentially of O, N, C, and P.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
The system of claim 1, where said amorphous magnetic medium is doped with elements present in an amount up to and including 50 atomic percent.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 1, where said uniaxial anisotropy is pair-ordering anistropy.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 1, where said amorphous magnetic material exists in a micro-crystalline structure having localized atomic ordering over distances of about 100 angstoms and less.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system of claim 1, where said amorphous material has localized atomic ordering over a distance of about 25 angstroms and less.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 1, where said uniaxial anistropy is substantially normal to the plane of said amorphous magnetic material.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 1, where said amorphous magnetic material is comprised of a single element having a net magnetic moment.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 8, where said element is selected from the group consisting of 4f, 5f, and 3d series of elements from the periodic table.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 1, where said amorphous magnetic medium is comprised of a plurality of elements, at least one of which has an unpaired magnetic spin.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system of claim 10, where said amorphous medium is comprised of a rare earth-transition metal amorphous alloy.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 11, where said alloy is a Gd-Co alloy.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 11, where said alloy is a Gd-Fe alloy.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system of claim 10, where said amorphous magnetic medium includes an additive which couples antiferromagnetically to a magnetic atom in said amorphous medium.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system of claim 10, where said amorphous magnetic medium includes an additive which couples ferromagnetically to a magnetic atom in said amorphous medium.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
The system of claim 10, where said amorphous magnetic medium includes an additive which changes the atomic ordering of said amorphous magnetic medium relative to the wall width of domains therein.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The system of claim 10, where said amorphous medium is comprised of a ternary alloy which is magnetically ordered.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
59 words
A magnetic system, comprising: an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range atomic ordering and having long range magnetic ordering and magnetic uniaxial anistropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium having magnetic domains therein, means for producing selected magnetization states of said domains, and sensing means for sensing the magnetization state of said domains.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
59 words
A magnetic system, comprising: an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range atomic ordering and having long range magnetic ordering and magnetic uniaxial anistropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium having magnetic domains therein, means for producing selected magnetization states of said domains, and sensing means for sensing the magnetization state of said domains.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 18, where said domains are magnetic bubble domains.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system of claim 18, further including means for moving said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 18, where said amorphous medium is a sheet located on a substrate.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 21, where said substrate is a flexible medium.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 21, where said substrate is a rigid medium.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 21, where said substrate is an insulator.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 21, where said substrate is a metal.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 21, where said substrate is a semiconductor.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
10 words
The system of claim 21, where said substrate is silicon.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
126 words
A light modulator, comprising: a light source for providing a polarized light beam whose intensity is to be modulated, an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range atomic ordering and having long range magnetic ordering and magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure located in the path of said light beam wherein the polarization of said light beam is rotated when said light beam strikes said amorphous medium, means for producing selected magnetization states in said amorphous medium to controllably affect said rotation of the polarization of said light beam, analyzing means responsive to said light beam after said beam has struck said amorphous magnetic medium, said analyzing means transmitting said light beam in accordance with the rotation of its polarization.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
126 words
A light modulator, comprising: a light source for providing a polarized light beam whose intensity is to be modulated, an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range atomic ordering and having long range magnetic ordering and magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure located in the path of said light beam wherein the polarization of said light beam is rotated when said light beam strikes said amorphous medium, means for producing selected magnetization states in said amorphous medium to controllably affect said rotation of the polarization of said light beam, analyzing means responsive to said light beam after said beam has struck said amorphous magnetic medium, said analyzing means transmitting said light beam in accordance with the rotation of its polarization.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
16 words
The modulator of claim 28, where said amorphous magnetic material is a rare earth-transition metal alloy.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
The modulator of claim 29, where said alloy is selected from the group consisting essentially of Y-Co, La-Co, Ce-Co, Nd-Co, and Pr-Co amorphous alloys.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
The modulator of claim 28, where said amorphous magnetic medium sustains magnetic bubble domains therein.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
20 words
The modulator of claim 31, including means for producing said bubble domains at selected portions of said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
59 words
An article of manufacture useful as a permanent magnet, said article being an amorphous magnetic medium without long range atomic ordering, said medium having long range magnetic order and magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, high magnetic moment 4πM s , high Curie temperature T c , and high coercivity H c .
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
59 words
An article of manufacture useful as a permanent magnet, said article being an amorphous magnetic medium without long range atomic ordering, said medium having long range magnetic order and magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, high magnetic moment 4πM s , high Curie temperature T c , and high coercivity H c .
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 33, where said amorphous medium is comprised of a multicomponent alloy.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
26 words
The article of claim 34, where said alloy is comprised of Y-Co having therein an element from the group consisting essentially of O, N, and C.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
64 words
A magnetic bubble domain system, comprising: a magnetic sheet in which said bubble domains exist, a permanent magnet located adjacent said magnetic sheet for providing a magnetic bias field in said sheet which is substantially normal to the plane of said sheet, said permanent magnet being comprised of an amorphous magnetic material having uniaxial anisotropy, and means for manipulating said domains in said sheet.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
64 words
A magnetic bubble domain system, comprising: a magnetic sheet in which said bubble domains exist, a permanent magnet located adjacent said magnetic sheet for providing a magnetic bias field in said sheet which is substantially normal to the plane of said sheet, said permanent magnet being comprised of an amorphous magnetic material having uniaxial anisotropy, and means for manipulating said domains in said sheet.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
34 words
The system of claim 36, where said magnetic sheet is an amorphous magnetic sheet having no long range atomic ordering and a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system of claim 36, where said permanent magnet is a multicomponent alloy system.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
78 words
A magnetic recording system, comprising: an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range atomic ordering and having conduction electrons therein, said medium having long range magnetic order and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium being capable of supporting magnetic domains therein, writing means for producing selected magnetic states of domains in said amorphous magnetic material, and sensing means for sensing the magnetization state of domains in said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
78 words
A magnetic recording system, comprising: an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range atomic ordering and having conduction electrons therein, said medium having long range magnetic order and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium being capable of supporting magnetic domains therein, writing means for producing selected magnetic states of domains in said amorphous magnetic material, and sensing means for sensing the magnetization state of domains in said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 39, where said amorphous magnetic medium is comprised of substantially amorphous particles located in a binder.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system of claim 39, where said amorphous magnetic material is comprised of microcrystalline regions having atomic ordering about 100 angstroms and less.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 39, including means for producing relative motion between at least two of said magnetic medium, said writing means, and said reading means.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system of claim 39, where said amorphous magnetic material is a layer located on a substrate.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 43, where said substrate is a disc.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 43, where said substrate is a tape.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system of claim 39, where said amorphous magnetic medium is comprised of a multicomponent alloy system.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system of claim 46, where said alloy system is comprised of a rare earth-transition metal alloy.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
25 words
The system of claim 47, having dopants therein for changing the atomic ordering of said amorphous magnetic medium relative to the width of said domain.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
32 words
The system of claim 39, where said writing means and said reading means are located sufficiently close to said amorphous magnetic medium to be in magnetic coupling relationship to said domains therein.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 49, further including means for providing the relative motion between said writing means and said reading means and said amorphous magnetic medium.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
65 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range periodic atomic order, said medium having long range magnetic order and magnetic anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
65 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: an amorphous magnetic medium having no long range periodic atomic order, said medium having long range magnetic order and magnetic anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
66 words
In a magnetic bubble domain apparatus having a magnetic medium in which said bubble domains exist and means for sensing said domains, said medium being comprised of an amorphous magnetic material exhibiting long range magnetic order and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure of the medium, said medium having an amorphous atomic structure without long range periodic atomic ordering.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
66 words
In a magnetic bubble domain apparatus having a magnetic medium in which said bubble domains exist and means for sensing said domains, said medium being comprised of an amorphous magnetic material exhibiting long range magnetic order and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure of the medium, said medium having an amorphous atomic structure without long range periodic atomic ordering.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
64 words
In a magnetic bubble domain apparatus having writing means for producing said domains in a magnetic medium and means for sensing said domains, said magnetic medium being comprised of an amorphous magnetic material having long range magnetic order and magnetic uniaxial anistropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium being structurally amorphous and exhibiting no long range periodic atomic ordering.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
64 words
In a magnetic bubble domain apparatus having writing means for producing said domains in a magnetic medium and means for sensing said domains, said magnetic medium being comprised of an amorphous magnetic material having long range magnetic order and magnetic uniaxial anistropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, said medium being structurally amorphous and exhibiting no long range periodic atomic ordering.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
60 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a magnetic medium in which a localized region can have a selected magnetization state, said medium being comprised of a structurally amorphous magnetic material without long range periodic atomic ordering and having magnetic anistropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, and writing means for producing said selected magnetization state in said localized region.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
60 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a magnetic medium in which a localized region can have a selected magnetization state, said medium being comprised of a structurally amorphous magnetic material without long range periodic atomic ordering and having magnetic anistropy which is not due to long range crystalline structure, and writing means for producing said selected magnetization state in said localized region.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 54, in which said amorphous medium is a layer located on a substrate.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 54, wherein said amorphous magnetic medium is comprised of a plurality of elements, at least one of which has an unpaired magnetic spin.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 56, where said amorphous magnetic medium is comprised of a rare earth element and a transition metal element.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
80 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising; a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystalline structure, said amorphous medium having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anistropy due to localized ordered clusters of atoms in said medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
80 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising; a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystalline structure, said amorphous medium having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anistropy due to localized ordered clusters of atoms in said medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
70 words
A magnetic apparatus comprising: a magnetic medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having a magnetic anistropy due to phase separations in the medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
70 words
A magnetic apparatus comprising: a magnetic medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having a magnetic anistropy due to phase separations in the medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
78 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a magnetic medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range atomic order and long range crystallinity, said magnetic medium having long range magnetic ordering and unaxial magnetic anisotropy due to pair ordering of atoms in said magnetic medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
78 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a magnetic medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range atomic order and long range crystallinity, said magnetic medium having long range magnetic ordering and unaxial magnetic anisotropy due to pair ordering of atoms in said magnetic medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
84 words
A magnetic apparatus comprising: a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is due to regions of different composition located adjacent to one another in said medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
84 words
A magnetic apparatus comprising: a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is due to regions of different composition located adjacent to one another in said medium, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
73 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is due to shape anisotropy, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
73 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having long range magnetic ordering and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy which is due to shape anisotropy, said medium being capable of supporting different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said medium, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said medium.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
81 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having long range magnetic order and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy due to anisotropies in short range structural or compositional ordering, said medium being capable of supporting magnetic domains having different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said domains, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said domains.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
81 words
A magnetic apparatus, comprising: a medium having an amorphous structure characterized by the absence of both long range periodic atomic ordering and long range crystallinity, said medium having long range magnetic order and a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy due to anisotropies in short range structural or compositional ordering, said medium being capable of supporting magnetic domains having different states of magnetization therein, means for producing a selected magnetization state in said domains, and means for sensing the magnetization state of said domains.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3736579A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-06-22 | 1979-12-22 | 1980-06-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-06-22 | 1983-12-22 | 1984-06-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-06-22 | 1987-12-22 | 1988-06-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |