US3964864A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and apparatus for measuring CO2, O2, and Cl in body fluids
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1974-11-18
•
Granted: 1976-06-22
•
Expires: 1994-11-18
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for measuring CO 2 , O 2 and chlorides in body fluids, such as whole blood, blood serum and plasma, etc. A reagent and a known amount of sample to be tested react in a closed vessel to release the gas to be measured into a gas space. A displacement liquid is then introduced to expel the released gas in the gas space to a detector, where its concentration in a stationary gas sample is measured. The mixture of sample, reagent, and gas is then drained from the vessel and from the detector and a reverse flow of excess flushing fluid (gas) is moved through the detector and vessel to flush the apparatus so that another measurement can begin.
Inventors
- 👤 Harald Dahms
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 05:03
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/483; G01N33/487; G01N33/49; G01N33/4925; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/11; Y10T436/111666
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 61
Claim 1
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 into a gas space filled substantially with air at essentially atmospheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and air, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, and measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 into a gas space filled substantially with air at essentially atmospheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and air, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, and measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 1, where said displacing liquid is comprised of said reagent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1, where the volume of displacing liquid added to said vessel is less than the volume of said vessel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 where said detector measures a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 4, where said detector measures the thermal conductivity of said transferred gas mixture.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 1, including the further steps of draining said sample and reagent from said vessel after said measuring step, and then flushing said detector and said vessel with air which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 1, including the further step of measuring Cl - in said body fluid by passing an optical beam through said sample and reagent in said vessel, and measuring the intensity of said beam at a given wavelength after passage of said beam through said sample and reagent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1, where said body fluid is comprised of one of the group consisting essentially of whole blood, blood serum, and blood plasma.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
96 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 from said sample into a gas space filled substantially with air to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and air, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in a thermal conductivity detector,
Claim 11
Independent Claim
96 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 from said sample into a gas space filled substantially with air to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and air, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in a thermal conductivity detector,
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 9, including the further steps of draining said sample and reagent from said vessel after said measuring step and then flushing said detector and said vessel with air which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 9, where the release of CO 2 from said sample is enhanced by forming a thin film of sample plus reagent along the walls of said vessel, said thin film being less than about 1 mm in thickness.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 9, where said CO 2 is released into said gas space at substantially atmospheric pressure.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 9, where said body fluid is selected from the group consisting essentially of whole blood, blood plasma, and blood serum.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
125 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 into a gas space filled substantially with air at essentially atmospheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and air, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel after said measurement with air which moves through said detector in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
125 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 into a gas space filled substantially with air at essentially atmospheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and air, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel after said measurement with air which moves through said detector in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 14, including the step of creating a thin layer of said sample plus reagent along the walls of said vessel to enhance release of said CO 2 into said gas space, said layer being less than about 1 mm in thickness.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 14, where said transferring occurs by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, thereby expelling at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to said detector.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
149 words
A method for determining CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 from said sample into a gas space having air therein to produce a gas mixture of said released CO 2 and air, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a thermal conductivity detector by adding a displacing fluid to said vessel to force said gas mixture out of said gas space to said detector, measuring the concentration of a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel after said measuring step with air which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of movement of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
149 words
A method for determining CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 from said sample into a gas space having air therein to produce a gas mixture of said released CO 2 and air, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a thermal conductivity detector by adding a displacing fluid to said vessel to force said gas mixture out of said gas space to said detector, measuring the concentration of a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel after said measuring step with air which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of movement of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 17, including the further step of enhancing the release of CO 2 from said sample into said gas space by forming a thin film of said sample plus reagent in said vessel, said thin film having a thickness less than about 1 mm.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 17, where said body fluid is selected from the group consisting essentially of whole blood, blood serum, and blood plasma.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method of claim 12 including the further step of determining Cl - in said sample by passing a light beam through said sample plus reagent in said vessel, and measuring the intensity of said beam at a given wavelength after passage of said beam through said sample and reagent.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 17, where said vessel is connected to said detector by a tubing, the volume of said vessel being greater than the combined volume of said detector and said tubing.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method of claim 17, where said vessel has a stirrer therein for enhancing said sample-reagent reaction, the volume of said displacing liquid added to said vessel being less then the volume of said vessel minus the volume of said stirrer.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 into a gas space filled substantially with air to produce a mixture of said releasesd CO 2 and air, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector, thermally detecting CO 2 in a stationary sample of CO 2 and air in said detector.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 into a gas space filled substantially with air to produce a mixture of said releasesd CO 2 and air, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector, thermally detecting CO 2 in a stationary sample of CO 2 and air in said detector.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for detection of a species in a sample of fluid, comprising the steps of: placing said sample and a reagent in a vessel having a gas space with a given gas mixture therein to react said sample and said reagent to alter the composition of said given gas mixture, transferring at least a portion of said altered gas mixture to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, measuring a stationary sample of said altered gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with a flushing fluid which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said altered gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for detection of a species in a sample of fluid, comprising the steps of: placing said sample and a reagent in a vessel having a gas space with a given gas mixture therein to react said sample and said reagent to alter the composition of said given gas mixture, transferring at least a portion of said altered gas mixture to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, measuring a stationary sample of said altered gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with a flushing fluid which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said altered gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
114 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas at essentially atmospsheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, and measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
114 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas at essentially atmospsheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, and measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 24, where said displacing liquid is comprised of said reagent.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 25 where said detector measures a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 27, where said detector measures the thermal conductivity of said transferred gas mixture, said first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 .
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 25, including the further steps of draining said sample and reagent from said vessel after said measuring step, and then flushing said detector and said vessel with said gas which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said mixture.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
116 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 from said sample into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in a thermal conductivity detector.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
116 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 from said sample into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, said gas space having a volume greater than the volume of sample in said vessel, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in a thermal conductivity detector.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method of claim 30, including the further steps of draining said sample and reagent from said vessel after said measuring step and then flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 30, where the release of O 2 from said sample is enhanced by forming a thin film of sample plus reagent along the walls of said vessel, said thin film being less than about 1 mm in thickness.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 30, where said O 2 is released into said gas space at substantially atmospheric pressure.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
135 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas at essentially atmospheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas which moves through said detector in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
135 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas at essentially atmospheric pressure to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a detector, measuring the concentration of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas which moves through said detector in a direction reverse to the direction of transfer of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 34, including the step of creating a thin layer of said sample plus reagent along the walls of said vessel to enhance release of said O 2 into said gas space, said layer being less than about 1 mm in thickness.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 34, where said transferring occurs by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, thereby expelling at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to said detector.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
167 words
A method for determining O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 from said sample into a gas space having a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 therein to produce a gas mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a thermal conductivity detector by adding a displacing fluid to said vessel to force said gas mixture out of said gas space to said detector, measuring the concentration of a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of movement of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 47
Independent Claim
167 words
A method for determining O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 from said sample into a gas space having a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 therein to produce a gas mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a thermal conductivity detector by adding a displacing fluid to said vessel to force said gas mixture out of said gas space to said detector, measuring the concentration of a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas which moves in a direction reverse to the direction of movement of said gas mixture from said gas space to said detector.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 37, including the further step of enhancing the release of O 2 from said sample into said gas space by forming a thin film of said sample plus reagent in said vessel, said thin film having a thickness less than about 1 mm.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 37, where said body fluid is selected from the group consisting essentially of whole blood, blood serum, and blood plasma.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method of claim 24, including the further step of determining Cl - in said sample by passing a light beam through said sample plus reagent in said vessel, and measuring the intensity of said beam at a given wavelength after passage of said beam through said sample and reagent.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 37, where said detector is connected to said vessel by a tubing, the volume of said vessel being greater than the combined volume of said detector and said tubing.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method of claim 37, where said vessel has a stirrer therein for enhancing the sample-reagent reaction, the volume of displacing liquid added to said vessel being less than the volume of said vessel minus the volume of said stirrer.
Claim 53
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector, thermally detecting O 2 in a stationary sample of O 2 and said first gas in said detector.
Claim 54
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector, thermally detecting O 2 in a stationary sample of O 2 and said first gas in said detector.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
85 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 from said sample into a gas space having a given gas therein to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and said given gas, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a thermal conductivity detector, and measuring a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in said detector.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
85 words
A method for measuring CO 2 in a sample of body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to release CO 2 from said sample into a gas space having a given gas therein to produce a mixture of said released CO 2 and said given gas, transferring at least a portion of said gas mixture in said gas space to a thermal conductivity detector, and measuring a stationary sample of said transferred gas mixture in said detector.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 44, including the further steps of: draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel after said measurement.
Claim 58
Independent Claim
124 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample by body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 from said sample into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector, thermally detecting O 2 in a stationary sample of O 2 and said first gas in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas.
Claim 59
Independent Claim
124 words
A method for measuring O 2 in a sample by body fluid, comprising the steps of: reacting said sample and a reagent in a vessel to bind CO 2 in said sample and to release O 2 from said sample into a gas space filled substantially with a first gas having a different thermal conductivity than O 2 to produce a mixture of said released O 2 and said first gas, transferring at least a portion of said mixture in said gas space to a detector, thermally detecting O 2 in a stationary sample of O 2 and said first gas in said detector, draining said sample and said reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with said first gas.
Claim 60
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for detection of a species in a sample of fluid, comprising the steps of: placing said sample and a reagent in a vessel having a gas space with a given gas mixture therein to react said sample and said reagent to alter the composition of said given gas mixture, transferring at least a portion of said altered gas mixture to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, measuring a stationary sample of said altered gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with a flushing fluid.
Claim 61
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for detection of a species in a sample of fluid, comprising the steps of: placing said sample and a reagent in a vessel having a gas space with a given gas mixture therein to react said sample and said reagent to alter the composition of said given gas mixture, transferring at least a portion of said altered gas mixture to a detector by adding a displacing liquid to said vessel, measuring a stationary sample of said altered gas mixture in said detector, draining said sample and reagent from said vessel, and flushing said detector and said vessel with a flushing fluid.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-06-22 | 1983-12-22 | 1984-06-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-06-22 | 1987-12-22 | 1988-06-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |