US3961973A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Lightweight aggregate
Assignee: Amax Resource Recovery Systems Inc
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Filing: 1974-07-19
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Granted: 1976-06-08
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Expires: 1994-07-19
Abstract
Abstract A lightweight aggregate for use in concrete mixes with Portland cement consists essentially of bottom ash produced as a by-product of burning pulverized coal in a dry-bottom furnace. The ash is sized to remove particles substantially exceeding 3/8 inch in diameter. It is substantially free of iron pyrites and sulfur trioxide to provide a lightweight aggregate which is inert, non-reactive, and meets the requirements for such aggregate as defined in ASTM specifications C-330, C-331 and C-332. Methods of producing this aggregate material are disclosed, including a method for recovering the same from the waste product ash in a power plant sluicing pond. Concrete mixes and products are disclosed in which such ash consists of the lightweight aggregate.
Inventors
- 👤 Dennis A. Jones
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 23:43
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B18/00; C04B18/04; C04B18/06; C04B28/00; C04B28/02; C04B28/04; Y; Y02; Y02W; Y02W30/00; Y02W30/50; Y02W30/91
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
99 words
A lightweight concrete product having as its major ingredients a pozzolanic material including primarily Portland cement; sand; and a lightweight inorganic non-reactive aggregate formed of dry bottom ash, said major ingredients having the following approximate proportions: pozzolanic material
8 to 20 per cent
sand
10 to 50 per cent
aggregate
remainder said bottom ash aggregate consisting of dry bottom ash essentially as formed as the waste by-product of burning pulverized coal in a dry bottom furnace, said dry bottom ash containing no more than 5 per cent sulfur trioxide and less than 1 per cent iron pyrite by weight.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
99 words
A lightweight concrete product having as its major ingredients a pozzolanic material including primarily Portland cement; sand; and a lightweight inorganic non-reactive aggregate formed of dry bottom ash, said major ingredients having the following approximate proportions: pozzolanic material
8 to 20 per cent
sand
10 to 50 per cent
aggregate
remainder said bottom ash aggregate consisting of dry bottom ash essentially as formed as the waste by-product of burning pulverized coal in a dry bottom furnace, said dry bottom ash containing no more than 5 per cent sulfur trioxide and less than 1 per cent iron pyrite by weight.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The product of claim 1 consisting of hollow load-bearing masonry units.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The product of claim 1 in which said bottom ash has a size such that approximately all passes a 3/8 inch screen with not more than 25 per cent passing a 100-mesh screen.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
118 words
A concrete mix for making lightweight concrete masonry units, structural concrete or insulating concrete, having as its major ingredients a pozzolanic material including primarily Portland cement; sand; and a lightweight inorganic non-reactive aggregate formed of dry bottom ash, said major ingredients having the following approximate proportions:pozzolanic material 8 to 20 per centsand10 to 50 per centaggregateremainder said bottom ash aggregate consisting of dry bottom ash formed as a residue in dry bottom pulverized coal burning furnaces, said bottom ash being free of excess fines so that no more than 25 per cent thereof is less than 100-mesh size, and containing no more than 5 per cent sulfur trioxide and less than 1 per cent iron pyrite by weight.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
118 words
A concrete mix for making lightweight concrete masonry units, structural concrete or insulating concrete, having as its major ingredients a pozzolanic material including primarily Portland cement; sand; and a lightweight inorganic non-reactive aggregate formed of dry bottom ash, said major ingredients having the following approximate proportions:pozzolanic material 8 to 20 per centsand10 to 50 per centaggregateremainder said bottom ash aggregate consisting of dry bottom ash formed as a residue in dry bottom pulverized coal burning furnaces, said bottom ash being free of excess fines so that no more than 25 per cent thereof is less than 100-mesh size, and containing no more than 5 per cent sulfur trioxide and less than 1 per cent iron pyrite by weight.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The concrete mix of claim 4 particularly suited for making masonry units in which said dry bottom ash has a maximum particle size of approximately 3/8 inch.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
The concrete mix of claim 4 particularly suited for making structural concrete in which at least a fraction of said dry bottom ash exceeds 3/8 inch but does not exceed 1 inch.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
102 words
A concrete mix for lightweight concrete products having as its major ingredients a pozzolanic material including primarily Portland cement; sand; and a lightweight inorganic non-reactive aggregate formed of dry bottom ash, said major ingredients having the following approximate proportions:pozzolanic material 8 to 20 per centsand10 to 50 per centaggregateremainder said bottom ash aggregate consisting of bottom ash essentially as formed as the waste by-product of burning pulverized coal in a dry bottom furnace, said bottom ash being essentially free of fly ash and excess fines to have a size such that not more than 25 per cent thereof passes a 100-mesh screen.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
102 words
A concrete mix for lightweight concrete products having as its major ingredients a pozzolanic material including primarily Portland cement; sand; and a lightweight inorganic non-reactive aggregate formed of dry bottom ash, said major ingredients having the following approximate proportions:pozzolanic material 8 to 20 per centsand10 to 50 per centaggregateremainder said bottom ash aggregate consisting of bottom ash essentially as formed as the waste by-product of burning pulverized coal in a dry bottom furnace, said bottom ash being essentially free of fly ash and excess fines to have a size such that not more than 25 per cent thereof passes a 100-mesh screen.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-06-08 | 1979-12-08 | 1980-06-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-06-08 | 1983-12-08 | 1984-06-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-06-08 | 1987-12-08 | 1988-06-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |