US3957472A — Chemical heat transfer unit

Claim 1

Independent Claim 334 words

A heat transfer unit including a container, two chemical materials in said container in a particulate, dry inactive state, said materials being commonly adapted to be energized by the application of a liquid activating agent to produce heat transfer, and each said material characterized by the physical property of being destructive of the capacity of the other to provide heat transfer if there is contact therebetween in a dry state, a third material in said container, said third material being a dry particulate chemical material which is interposed to normally separate said heat transfer materials, said separating material being of a character which will not react with the adjacent heat transfer materials in a dry state, and said third chemical material having the characteristic of dissolving on addition of said activating agent to provide for communication of and a reinforcing interaction of said heat transfer materials in their energized liquid state, one of said heat transfer materials being chosen from the group consisting of: (1) ammonium nitrate in admixture with a compound chosen from the group consisting of ammonium sulfamate, potassium nitrate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium bromide, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium iodide, ammonium magnesium selenate, ammonium manganese sulfate, ammonium phosphate dibasic, ammonium potassium tartrate, ammonium salicylate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sodium sulfate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium persulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate, potassium thiocyanate, potassium iodide, and potassium chloride; and (2) a mixture of calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, and aluminum chloride; the other of said heat transfer materials being chosen from the group consisting of: (1) urea, urea in admixture with a compound chosen from the group consisting of afenil, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiocyanate, sodium thiosulfate, citric acid, tartaric acid, ferric ammonium sulfate, and thiourea; and (2) calcium chloride; said group (1) of said one heat transfer material being used with said group (1) of said other heat transfer material, and said group (2) of said one heat transfer material being used with said group (2) of said other heat transfer material.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 334 words

A heat transfer unit including a container, two chemical materials in said container in a particulate, dry inactive state, said materials being commonly adapted to be energized by the application of a liquid activating agent to produce heat transfer, and each said material characterized by the physical property of being destructive of the capacity of the other to provide heat transfer if there is contact therebetween in a dry state, a third material in said container, said third material being a dry particulate chemical material which is interposed to normally separate said heat transfer materials, said separating material being of a character which will not react with the adjacent heat transfer materials in a dry state, and said third chemical material having the characteristic of dissolving on addition of said activating agent to provide for communication of and a reinforcing interaction of said heat transfer materials in their energized liquid state, one of said heat transfer materials being chosen from the group consisting of: (1) ammonium nitrate in admixture with a compound chosen from the group consisting of ammonium sulfamate, potassium nitrate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium bromide, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium iodide, ammonium magnesium selenate, ammonium manganese sulfate, ammonium phosphate dibasic, ammonium potassium tartrate, ammonium salicylate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sodium sulfate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium persulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate, potassium thiocyanate, potassium iodide, and potassium chloride; and (2) a mixture of calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, and aluminum chloride; the other of said heat transfer materials being chosen from the group consisting of: (1) urea, urea in admixture with a compound chosen from the group consisting of afenil, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiocyanate, sodium thiosulfate, citric acid, tartaric acid, ferric ammonium sulfate, and thiourea; and (2) calcium chloride; said group (1) of said one heat transfer material being used with said group (1) of said other heat transfer material, and said group (2) of said one heat transfer material being used with said group (2) of said other heat transfer material.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 45 words

A unit as set forth in claim 1 characterized by said heat transfer materials being materials which on application of said activating agent will produce an endo-thermic reaction and which on contact with one another in a liquid state will produce an extended endothermic reaction.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 45 words

A unit as set forth in claim 1 characterized by said heat transfer materials being materials which on application of said activating agent will produce an exo-thermic reaction and which on contact with one another in a liquid state will produce an extended exothermic reaction.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 25 words

A unit as set forth in claim 1 characterized by at least a portion of said container being of material which will inherently pass heat.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 27 words

A heat transfer unit as in claim 1 characterized by said third material having the physical property of absorbing free moisture which may exist within said container.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 43 words

A heat transfer unit as in claim 1 characterized by said materials being commonly soluble so as to dissolve in water, on the application of which, as an activating agent, the materials react individually and mutually and produce an extended heat transfer effect.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 70 words

A heat transfer unit as in claim 1 characterized by said chemical materials being stacked in said container in superposed layers and having a powder-like particle form, adjacent layers of said chemical heat transfer materials having interposed therebetween a layer of said separating material, which separating chemical material has the physical property to absorb free moisture in said container and thereby prevent premature reaction of said chemical heat transfer materials.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 35 words

A heat transfer unit as in claim 1 characterized by said materials being included in a single compartment provided in said container, said two heat transfer materials being present in substantially equal parts by weight.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 41 words

A heat transfer unit as set forth in claim 1 characterized by one of said heat transfer materials including urea and another of said heat transfer materials comprising ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate and said third chemical material being ammonium chloride.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 38 words

A heat transfer unit as set forth in claim 1 characterized by said third chemical material being a heat transfer material which is energized to produce a heat transfer effect by the application of said liquid activating agent.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 77 words

A heat transfer unit as in claim 1 characterized by said three chemical materials including initially a mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfamate and, together therewith, ammonium chloride, producing thereby a slow wetting reaction therebetween to tend to cake the ammonium chloride, which mixture is thoroughly agitated to cause the ammonium chloride to adhere and coat, primarily, the urea which thereby separates the urea particles from the particles of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfamate.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 46 words

A heat transfer unit as in claim 1 characterized by one of said heat transfer materials including urea being coated by said separating material which is a further heat transfer material and said second heat transfer material being thereby separated from said one heat transfer material.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 169 words

A heat transfer unit including a container, three chemical materials in said container, two of which are heat transfer materials in an inactive state, said two heat transfer materials being incompatible in that direct contact therebetween in said inactive state will result in a reaction therebetween destructive of heat transfer capabilities, the third of said three chemical materials being positioned to separate and inhibit contact between said heat transfer materials as said materials are originally placed in their container and the said materials being commonly adapted to be energized by the introduction of an activating agent, whereupon said heat transfer materials are rendered capable of individually producing a heat transfer effect and coming together and interacting to produce an extended heat transfer effect and said third material is rendered capable of providing for the coming together of said heat transfer materials to enable such interaction, characterized by said two heat transfer materials being urea and a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfamate, said third material being ammonium chloride.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 169 words

A heat transfer unit including a container, three chemical materials in said container, two of which are heat transfer materials in an inactive state, said two heat transfer materials being incompatible in that direct contact therebetween in said inactive state will result in a reaction therebetween destructive of heat transfer capabilities, the third of said three chemical materials being positioned to separate and inhibit contact between said heat transfer materials as said materials are originally placed in their container and the said materials being commonly adapted to be energized by the introduction of an activating agent, whereupon said heat transfer materials are rendered capable of individually producing a heat transfer effect and coming together and interacting to produce an extended heat transfer effect and said third material is rendered capable of providing for the coming together of said heat transfer materials to enable such interaction, characterized by said two heat transfer materials being urea and a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfamate, said third material being ammonium chloride.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 181 words

A heat transfer unit including a container, three chemical materials in said container, two of which are heat transfer materials in an inactive state, said two heat transfer materials being incompatible in that direct contact therebetween in said inactive state will result in a reaction therebetween destructive of heat transfer capabilities, the third of said three chemical materials being positioned to separate and inhibit contact between said heat transfer materials as said materials are originally placed in their container and the said materials being commonly adapted to be energized by the introduction of an activating agent, whereupon said heat transfer materials are rendered capable of individually producing a heat transfer effect and coming together and interacting to produce an extended heat transfer effect and said third material is rendered capable of providing for the coming together of said heat transfer materials to enable such interaction, characterized by one of said heat transfer materials being a mixture of calcium oxide, sodium carbonate and aluminum chloride, the other of said heat transfer materials being calcium chloride, and said separating material being ammonium chloride.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 181 words

A heat transfer unit including a container, three chemical materials in said container, two of which are heat transfer materials in an inactive state, said two heat transfer materials being incompatible in that direct contact therebetween in said inactive state will result in a reaction therebetween destructive of heat transfer capabilities, the third of said three chemical materials being positioned to separate and inhibit contact between said heat transfer materials as said materials are originally placed in their container and the said materials being commonly adapted to be energized by the introduction of an activating agent, whereupon said heat transfer materials are rendered capable of individually producing a heat transfer effect and coming together and interacting to produce an extended heat transfer effect and said third material is rendered capable of providing for the coming together of said heat transfer materials to enable such interaction, characterized by one of said heat transfer materials being a mixture of calcium oxide, sodium carbonate and aluminum chloride, the other of said heat transfer materials being calcium chloride, and said separating material being ammonium chloride.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1979-05-18	1979-11-17	1980-05-18	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1983-05-18	1983-11-17	1984-05-18	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1987-05-18	1987-11-17	1988-05-18	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Chemical heat transfer unit

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