US3928230A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Encapsulation of fluids and solids
Assignee: Magnesium Elektron Ltd
•
Filing: 1973-05-22
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Granted: 1975-12-23
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Expires: 1993-05-22
Abstract
Abstract The present invention relates to the microencapsulation, capsule diameter 1 to 500 micron, of fluids and solids and is particularly suitable for the formation of capsules having walls of epoxy and like polymers which, as is known, are inert to most chemicals, are not soluble in or permeable to a wide range of fluids and have high static and flexural strength characteristics.
Inventors
- 👤 William Unsworth
- 👤 Graham Harry Helsby
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 10:27
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08G; C08G59/00; C08G59/18; B; B01; B01J; B01J13/00; B01J13/02; B01J13/06; B01J13/14; B01J13/18; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2984; Y10T428/2985; Y10T428/2987; Y10T428/2989
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
97 words
A PROCESS FOR THE ENCAPSULATION OF FLUIDS AND SOLIDS COMPRISING: DISSOLVING A WATER INSOLUBLE POLYMERISABLE EPOXY MONOMER IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN FOR THE MONOMER; DISPERSING THE MONOMER SOLUTION IN WATER; DISPERSING IN THE AQUEOUS DISPERSION THE SUBSTANCE TO BE ENCAPSULATED; MIXING INTO THE RESULTING DISPERSION A SOLUTION OF A POLYMERISING AGENT EFFECTIVE TO POLYMERISE SAID EPOXY MONOMER IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, SAID POLYMERISING AGENT BEING IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN THE POLYMERISING AGENT; AND CONTINUING THE MIXING UNTIL POLYMERISATION OF THE MONOMER IS SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETE.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
97 words
A PROCESS FOR THE ENCAPSULATION OF FLUIDS AND SOLIDS COMPRISING: DISSOLVING A WATER INSOLUBLE POLYMERISABLE EPOXY MONOMER IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN FOR THE MONOMER; DISPERSING THE MONOMER SOLUTION IN WATER; DISPERSING IN THE AQUEOUS DISPERSION THE SUBSTANCE TO BE ENCAPSULATED; MIXING INTO THE RESULTING DISPERSION A SOLUTION OF A POLYMERISING AGENT EFFECTIVE TO POLYMERISE SAID EPOXY MONOMER IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, SAID POLYMERISING AGENT BEING IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN THE POLYMERISING AGENT; AND CONTINUING THE MIXING UNTIL POLYMERISATION OF THE MONOMER IS SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETE.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process according to claim 1, in which after the substance to be encapsulated has been added to and dispersed in tHe aqueous monomer solution, the resulting dispersion is allowed to stabilise before the polymerising agent is gradually added.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the water contains a suspending agent which will assist in maintaining the required degree of dispersion.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 3, in which the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, methyl cellulose and acacia.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer consists of at least one of the solvents selected from the group consisting of acetone, diethylene glycol, dioxan, tetrahydrofuran and low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the polymerising agent is selected from the group consisting of a polyamine and a polyamide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 6, in which the polymerising agent is selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide, triethylenetetramine, a diethylaminopropylamine and 4,4''-diaminodiphenylmethane.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the polymerising agent is an adduct of a polyamine and phenolformaldehyde.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 8, in which the adduct is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diamine phenol-formaldehyde and trimethyl hexamethylene diamine phenol-formaldehyde.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the solvent for the polymerising agent consists of at least one of the solvents selected from the group consisting of acetone, diethylene glycol, dioxan, tetrahydrofuran and a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
103 words
A PROCESS FOR THE ENCAPSULATION OF FLUIDS AND SOLIDS COMPRISING: DISPERSING IN WATER THE SUBSTANCE TO BE ENCAPSULATED; DISSOLVING A WATER INSOLUBLE POLYMERISABLE EPOXY MONOMER IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN THE MONOMER; DISPERSING THE MONOMER SOLUTION IN THE AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF THE SUBSTANCE; MIXING WITH THE RESULTING DISPERSION OF MONOMER AND SUBSTANCE A SOLUTION OF A POLYMERSING AGENT EFFECTIVE TO POLYMERISE SAID EPOXY MONOMER IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER SAID POLYMERISING AGENT BEING IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN FOR THE POLYMERISING AGENT; AND CONTINUING THE MIXING UNTIL POLYMERISATION OF THE MONOMER IS COMPLETE.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
103 words
A PROCESS FOR THE ENCAPSULATION OF FLUIDS AND SOLIDS COMPRISING: DISPERSING IN WATER THE SUBSTANCE TO BE ENCAPSULATED; DISSOLVING A WATER INSOLUBLE POLYMERISABLE EPOXY MONOMER IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN THE MONOMER; DISPERSING THE MONOMER SOLUTION IN THE AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF THE SUBSTANCE; MIXING WITH THE RESULTING DISPERSION OF MONOMER AND SUBSTANCE A SOLUTION OF A POLYMERSING AGENT EFFECTIVE TO POLYMERISE SAID EPOXY MONOMER IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER SAID POLYMERISING AGENT BEING IN A SOLVENT HAVING A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR WATER THAN FOR THE POLYMERISING AGENT; AND CONTINUING THE MIXING UNTIL POLYMERISATION OF THE MONOMER IS COMPLETE.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process according to claim 11, in which after the substance to be encapsulated has been added to and dispersed in the aqueous monomer solution, the resulting dispersion is allowed to stabilise before the polymerising agent is gradually added.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 11, in which the water contains a suspendidng agent which will assist in maintaining the required degree of dispersion.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 13, in which the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, methyl cellulose and acacia.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 11, in which the solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer consists of at least one of the solvents selected from the group consisting of acetone, diethylene glycol, dioxan, tetrahydrofuran and low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 11, in which the polymerising agent is selected from the group consisting of a polyamine and a polyamide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 11, in which the polymerising agent is selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide, triethylenetetramine, a diethylaminopropylamine and 4,4''-diaminodiphenylmethane.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 11, in which the polymerising agent is an adduct of a polyamine and phenol-formaldehyde.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 18, in which the adduct is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diamine phenol-formaldehyde and trimethyl hexamethylene diamine phenol-formaldehyde.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process according to claim 11, in which the solvent for the polymerising agent consists of at least one of the solvents selected fRom the group consisting of acetone, diethylene glycol, dioxan, tetrahydrofuran and a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
99 words
A process for producing capsules having walls of epoxy material and containing a fluid or solid, which comprises dissolving an epoxy monomer in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer, dispersing the monomer solution in water, dispersing in the aqueous solution a fluid or solid, mixing with the resulting dispersion a solution of a polymerising agent selected from the group consisting of polyamines, polyamides and adducts of polyamines and phenolformaldehyde in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the polymerising agent, and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is substantially complete.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
99 words
A process for producing capsules having walls of epoxy material and containing a fluid or solid, which comprises dissolving an epoxy monomer in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer, dispersing the monomer solution in water, dispersing in the aqueous solution a fluid or solid, mixing with the resulting dispersion a solution of a polymerising agent selected from the group consisting of polyamines, polyamides and adducts of polyamines and phenolformaldehyde in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the polymerising agent, and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is substantially complete.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 21, in which the particle size of the dispersed fluid or solid is such that the epoxy polymer walled capsules obtained have diameters from 1 to 500 microns.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
97 words
A process for the encapsulation of fluids and solids comprising dispersing in water the substance to be encapsulated, dissolving an epoxy monomer in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer, dispersing the monomer solution in the aqueous dispersion of the substance, mixing with the resulting dispersion of monomer and substance a solution of a polymerising agent selected from the group consisting of polyamines, polyamides and polyamine phenolformaldehyde adducts in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than for the polymerising agent, and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is complete.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
97 words
A process for the encapsulation of fluids and solids comprising dispersing in water the substance to be encapsulated, dissolving an epoxy monomer in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer, dispersing the monomer solution in the aqueous dispersion of the substance, mixing with the resulting dispersion of monomer and substance a solution of a polymerising agent selected from the group consisting of polyamines, polyamides and polyamine phenolformaldehyde adducts in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than for the polymerising agent, and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is complete.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process according to claim 23, in which the particle size of the dispersed fluid or solid is such that the epoxy polymer walled capsules obtained have diameters from 1 to 500 microns.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
98 words
A process for the encapsulation of fluids and solids comprising: dissolving a water insoluble polymerisable epoxy monomer in a solvent having a high affinity for water than for the monomer; dispersing the monomer solution in water; dispersing in the aqueous dispersion the substance to be encapsulated and simultaneously mixing into the dispersion a solution of a polymerising agent effective to polymerise said epoxy monomer in the presence of water, said polymerising agent being in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the polymerising agent; and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is substantially complete.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
98 words
A process for the encapsulation of fluids and solids comprising: dissolving a water insoluble polymerisable epoxy monomer in a solvent having a high affinity for water than for the monomer; dispersing the monomer solution in water; dispersing in the aqueous dispersion the substance to be encapsulated and simultaneously mixing into the dispersion a solution of a polymerising agent effective to polymerise said epoxy monomer in the presence of water, said polymerising agent being in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the polymerising agent; and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is substantially complete.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
99 words
A process for the encapsulation of fluids and solids comprising: dispersing in water the substance to be encapsulated; dissolving a water insoluble polymerisable epoxy monomer in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer; dispersing the monomer solution in the aqueous dispersion of the substance and simultaneously mixing with the dispersion a solution of a polymerising agent effective to polymerise said epoxy in the presence of water, said polymerising agent being in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than for the polymerising agent; and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is complete.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
99 words
A process for the encapsulation of fluids and solids comprising: dispersing in water the substance to be encapsulated; dissolving a water insoluble polymerisable epoxy monomer in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than the monomer; dispersing the monomer solution in the aqueous dispersion of the substance and simultaneously mixing with the dispersion a solution of a polymerising agent effective to polymerise said epoxy in the presence of water, said polymerising agent being in a solvent having a higher affinity for water than for the polymerising agent; and continuing the mixing until polymerisation of the monomer is complete.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-12-22 | 1979-06-23 | 1979-12-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-12-22 | 1983-06-23 | 1983-12-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-12-22 | 1987-06-23 | 1987-12-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |