US3926564A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Substrate for immunological tests and method of fabrication thereof
Assignee: General Electric Co
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Filing: 1974-02-25
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Granted: 1975-12-16
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Expires: 1994-02-25
Abstract
Abstract Substrates for providing contrast, visible to the unaided eye, between single and double layers of immunologically reactive biological particles are fabricated by depositing an alloy of indium and gold on glass slides, and then heating the slides in air at different temperatures or time intervals to cause various degrees of oxidation of the indium. The various degrees of oxidation produce different colored slides having different sensitivities for different thicknesses of the layers of the biological particles, and each differently colored slide is differently sensitive to single and double layers of particular biological particles.
Inventors
- 👤 Ivar Giaever
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 03:16
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/551; G01N33/553; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/805; Y10S436/807; Y10S436/809; Y10S436/811; Y10S436/82; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/26; Y10T428/263; Y10T428/264; Y10T428/265; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31725; Y10T428/31768
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
61 words
A MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE COMPRISING: A SUBSTRATE MEMBER AND A COMPOSITE METALLIZED COATING ATTACHED TO THE SURFACE OF SAID SUBSTRATE MEMBER, SAID COATING CONTAINING AN ALLOY HAVING A NOBLE METAL CONSTITUENT AND AN OXIDIZABLE METALLIC CONSTITUENT AND HAVING PERSENT IN THE OUTER SURFACE THEREOF OXIDE CONTENT DERIVED FROM SAID OXIDIZABLE METALLIC CONSTITUENT, SAID COATING BEING FREE OF OXIDE NOBLE METAL CONSTITUENT.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
61 words
A MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE COMPRISING: A SUBSTRATE MEMBER AND A COMPOSITE METALLIZED COATING ATTACHED TO THE SURFACE OF SAID SUBSTRATE MEMBER, SAID COATING CONTAINING AN ALLOY HAVING A NOBLE METAL CONSTITUENT AND AN OXIDIZABLE METALLIC CONSTITUENT AND HAVING PERSENT IN THE OUTER SURFACE THEREOF OXIDE CONTENT DERIVED FROM SAID OXIDIZABLE METALLIC CONSTITUENT, SAID COATING BEING FREE OF OXIDE NOBLE METAL CONSTITUENT.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the noble metal constituent is gold.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the oxidizable metallic constituent is indium, the noble metal constituent is gold, and the oxide content is of indium oxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the surface of the substrate receiving the coating is flat.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the substrate is a glass material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the oxidizable metallic component is tin.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the noble metal constitutent is silver.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the oxidizable metallic constituent is indium.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The device set forth in claim 8 wherein the color of the coating is bronze.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the outer surface of the coating is slightly irregular.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The device set forth in claim 10 wherein the oxide portion of the coating is about several hundred Angstrom thick.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The device set forth in claim 1 wherein the outer surface of the coating is flat.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The device set forth in claim 12 wherein unoxidized particles of the noble metal constituent are dispersed within the oxide portion of the coating.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
78 words
A medical diagnostic device comprising: a substrate member, a composite metallized coating attached to the surface of said substrate member, said coating containing an alloy having a noble metal constituent and an oxidizable metallic constituent and having present in the outer surface thereof oxide content derived from said oxidizable metallic constituent, said coating being free of oxide of said noble metal constituent and a monomolecular layer of immunologically reactive protein overlying at least a portion of said coating.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
78 words
A medical diagnostic device comprising: a substrate member, a composite metallized coating attached to the surface of said substrate member, said coating containing an alloy having a noble metal constituent and an oxidizable metallic constituent and having present in the outer surface thereof oxide content derived from said oxidizable metallic constituent, said coating being free of oxide of said noble metal constituent and a monomolecular layer of immunologically reactive protein overlying at least a portion of said coating.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The device set forth in claim 14 wherein the protein is an antigen.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
The device set forth in claim 14 wherein the protein is an antibody.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
63 words
The device set forth in claim 14 and further comprising a layer of second immunologically reactive protein bound to the first monomolecular layer whereIn the second protein is specific to the first protein, the double layer of first and second proteins being visible to the unaided eye as a spot of color distinct from the color of the outer surface of the coating.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
109 words
The method of making a diagnostic device for determining the presence or absence of a specific protein in a biological sample comprising the steps of: coating surface area of a substrate with noble metal and oxidizable metal, heating said coated substrate in an oxidizing atmosphere to convert to the oxidized state a portion of said oxidizable metal at the surface of the coating and to simultaneously cause substantial alloying between oxidizable metal and nobel metal and contacting said surface with a solution of a specifically reactive protein to said specific protein to apply a monomolecular layer of said specifically reacting protein to at least a portion of said surface.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
109 words
The method of making a diagnostic device for determining the presence or absence of a specific protein in a biological sample comprising the steps of: coating surface area of a substrate with noble metal and oxidizable metal, heating said coated substrate in an oxidizing atmosphere to convert to the oxidized state a portion of said oxidizable metal at the surface of the coating and to simultaneously cause substantial alloying between oxidizable metal and nobel metal and contacting said surface with a solution of a specifically reactive protein to said specific protein to apply a monomolecular layer of said specifically reacting protein to at least a portion of said surface.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method set forth in claim 18 wherein the noble metal and oxidizable metal are applied in layers with the thickness of the oxidizable metal being approximately twice the thickness of the noble metal when initially deposited.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method set forth in claim 18 wherein the oxidizable metal is applied as small globules on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method set forth in claim 20 wherein the noble metal is applied as a thin substantially constant thickness film over the oxidizable metal globules.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method set forth in claim 18 wherein indium is applied by evaporation as the oxidizable metal.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method set forth in claim 22 wherein the step of evaporating indium consists of evaporating the indium in a vacuum of approximately 5 X 10 5 mm of mercury for a time interval of 3 to 5 minutes.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 22 wherein gold is applied by evaporation over the indium as the noble metal.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method set forth in claim 24 wherein the thickness of the indium is approximately 2,000 A, and the thickness of the gold is approximately 1,000 A.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method set forth in claim 24 wherein the step of heating the metal coated substrate consists of heating in air for approximately 150 minutes at 325*.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-12-15 | 1979-06-16 | 1979-12-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-12-15 | 1983-06-16 | 1983-12-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-12-15 | 1987-06-16 | 1987-12-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |